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1、被动语态,一、语态概述 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak 的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。所谓“被动语态”，相 当于中文中常说的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。”， 再如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English 是动词 speak 的承受者。 判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？ He opened the door.他开了门。（ ）
2、The door was opened.门被开了。 （ ） 二、被动语态的构成: be 动词+Vp.p 被动特点强调宾，用be 加上过去分。行为对象作主语，逻辑主语 by 来引。 English is （speak）in Canada. The blouse is （make）of silk. English is （speak）by many people. 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。 Some stamps were （steal）last week. The PRC was （found）on October 1, 1949. Footbal
3、l is （play）in most middle schools. 被动语态须留意，P.P 前面助动be. be + P.P am（is,are）现在时，am（is,are）+P.P was 和were 表过去。was（were）+P.P 完成have（has）been。have（has）been+P.P 将来，情态，be 原形。will（can,may,must）be+P.P 进行时态两个be，前表时态后加ing。am（is,are）+being+P.P 被动语态由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化 是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转
4、换成英语的 被动语态。 三几种常用时态的被动语态 1.一般现在时： am/is/are+过去分词 肯定句：Bikes are （sell）in that shop. 否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop. 疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.,1,2,一般过去时： was/were+过去分词 肯定句：He was （save）in 1999. 否定句：He was not saved in 1999. 疑问句：Was he saved in 1999? Yes, he
5、 was. / No,he wasnt. 一般将来时：shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词 肯定句：An English class will be （give）by Jack tomorrow. 否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow. 疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? 4.现在进行时：am/is/are + being+过去分词 肯定句：A car is being （drive）now. 否定句：A car is no
6、t being driven now. 疑问句：Is a car being driven now?Yes, it is. / No, it isnt. 5.现在完成时：have / has+ been+过去分词 肯定句：A road has been _ （build）by the government. 否定句：A road hasnt been built by the government. 疑问句：Has a road been built by the government?Yes, it has. / No, it hasnt. 6.情态动词：情态动词+be + P.P This
7、 clock can be （repair）here. The trees may be _（plant）at other times of the year. 3）The composition must be （hand）in after class. 4）The young trees should be （plant）in spring.,四、被动语态的用法 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Some new computers were （steal）last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的） This book was （publish）in
8、 1981. 这本书出版于 1981 年。 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如： The window was （break）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was （write）by him. 这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证。,五、主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 把谓语变成被动结构（be过去分词） （根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态 来决定be 的形式）。 把主动语态中的主
9、语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： 1.All the people （laugh）at him. He was （laugh）at by all people. 2.They （make）the bikes in the factory. The bikes are （make）by them in the factory. 六、补充 一些宾补动词如make, see, hear 等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to 的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复 to。如： He made me stand outside. I was made to
10、 stand outside（by him）. I saw him play football. He was seen to play football（by him）. 专项练习 一、选择题 ()1. a new library in our school last year? A. Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Does; buildD. Did ; build ()2. An accidenton this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happenedD. happened (
11、)3.Cotton（棉花）in the southeast of China. A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow ()4.A talk on Chinese history in the school hall next week. A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives ()5.How many trees this year? A. are plantedB. will plantC. have been planted D. planted ()6.A lot of things
12、 by people to save the little girl now. A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. will be done ()7.The Great Wall all over the world. A. knowsB. knewC. is knownD. was known ()8. The children by the nurse. A. were lookedB. looked afterC. were looked afterD. looked ()9. He some pieces of advice,
13、 but he to them.,3,4,A. gave, didnt listen C. give, wasnt listened,B. was given, wasnt listened D. was given, didnt listen,() 10. The question by us soon.,A. is going to discuss C. is going to be discussed,B. will discuss D. has been discussed,()11. The lab about five years ago. A. was builtB. was b
14、uiltC. buildsD. has been built ()12. A lot of tall buildings in his hometown in the last three years. A. have set upB. have been set upC. were set upD. set up ()13. They printing 500 copies by the end of last month. A. had finishedB. have finishedC. had been finishedD. have been finished ()14. Rice
15、also in their hometown. A. isgrown B. isgrew C. wasgrew D. wasgrown ()15. He by the teachers.,A. is always praised C. have been praised,B. praises D. always is praised,()16. The picture in October, 1996. A. was takingB. had been takenC. was takenD. had taken ()17. We cant use the bridge now, because
16、 it . A. has been repairedB. is repairingC. is repairedD. is being repaired ()18. I the way to the railway station by a policeman. A. was shownB. showedC. have shownD. was showing ()19. The war in 1941.,A. broke out C. was broken out,B. had been broken out D. had broken out,()20. When water , it will be changed into vapour. A. is heatedB. heatingC. has heatedD. heats ()21. We cant enter the room because its door . A. lockedB. locksC. is lockedD. is locking ()22. They day and night.,5,A. are ma
