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1、Grammar and usage,Non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句,1,公开课资,Try to find the attributive clauses in Para 6 on page of Reading (page 35).,attributive clauses: She spent all her life helping poor people in India, most of whom were dying. 2. she wore the same old clothes as usual, and carried
2、all her possessions in a little bag like this, which I bought in a market.,Practice,2,公开课资,引导定语从句的关系词,指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因,who/whom/that which/that whose where when why,关系副词,关系代词,3,公开课资,Finish the attributive clauses below:,1. Thelesson_ we studied yesterdaywashardtounderstand. 2.Youcantakeanyb
3、ook_ interests youbest. 3.Peopleliketoliveinaplace_ theres fresh air and little noise.,that,which / that,Practice,where,4,公开课资,4.Thegirl_ you saw at the meeting isawell-known swimmer. 5.Heistheveryworker_ picture we sawinthenewspaperyesterday. 6.Hewasveryhappyontheday_ he enteredtheuniversity. 7.Ine
4、verreallyunderstandthereason _ hemadesuchaserious mistake.,whom / that,whose,when,why,5,公开课资,8.The young lady _ wears a white blouse is my elder sister. 9.Thetallboy,_is sitting there, plays basketball very well.,who,who,Question:,Whats the difference between No. 8 and No. 9?,6,公开课资,定语从句分为限制性定语从句(re
5、strictive)和非限制性定语从句(non-restrictive)两种。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,与先行词之间一般不加逗号；非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号分开。,7,公开课资,1. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday. 2. Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing quickly.,Example 1,Conclusion 1,当先行词是地名、人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句修饰。,8,公开课资,1. I have a
6、sister who / that works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。,Example 2,不只一位姐姐,只有一位姐姐,9,公开课资,3. The magazines here which / that have nice pictures in them were written by him. 里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。 4. The magazines here, which have nice pictures in them,
7、 were written by him. 所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图画。,杂志不止一类,杂志只有一类,10,公开课资,Conclusion 2,1. 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,是先行词不可缺少的部分,如果去掉它，主句意思往往不明确。 2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充或说明,去掉它也不会影响主句的意思。,11,公开课资,This is the house (which/ that )we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。 2. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这
8、房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。,Example 3,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,12,公开课资,3. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没领会我的意思, 这使我心烦。,非限制性定语从句,Conclusion 3,1. 限制性定语从句可以由关系代词,关系副词来引导，关系代词作宾语时可以省略。 2. 非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导且关系代词不可以省略。,13,公开课资,1. The famous basketball star, _ comes f
9、rom America, will visit our school soon. 2. In those days, she used to go to Mr. Black,with _ she had a wonderful time. 3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.,which,whom,who,Practice,14,公开课资,4. Xian, _I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5. He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be s
10、o busy. 6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago. 7. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true.,which,where,when,which,15,公开课资,非限制性定语从句考点归纳：,which引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整个主句。,He missed the show, which was really a great pity. 他错过了演出，这真是很大的遗憾。 2. He invited me to dinn
11、er, which made me very happy. 他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴。,16,公开课资,Conclusion,which在引导非限制性定语从句时, which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。,17,公开课资,Practice,Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. 2. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. 3. It rained hard yester
12、day, _ prevented me from going to the park.,which,which,which,18,公开课资,II. all / some/ of + whom / which引导非限制性定语从句,He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long Match. 2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan, went camping yesterday.,19,公开课资,Conclusion,在非限制性定语从句中
13、,一些表达数量或定位的数词或代词如 all/ some/ one/ both/ neither/ none/ any/ either/ any 等可与 of 构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。,20,公开课资,1. Many students in this school, some of which are not overweight, are going on diets. 2. There are 54 students in my class and ten of
14、 whom come from US.,whom,Correction:,them,21,公开课资,3. Half a million pairs of shoes are produced by the workers here every year, 80% of whom are sold abroad. 4. I have many friends in this town, some of which are businessman. 5. I am doing different types of exercises, all of them are quite helpful t
15、o my health.,which,which 或 all 前加and,whom,22,公开课资,Practice time,23,公开课资,Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _ made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which,24,公开课资,2. The English play, _ my students acted at the New Years party ,was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,25,公开课资,3. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer what it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. A. when B. which C. wha
