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1、,英国文学(English Literature),450-1066,Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period 古英语（或盎格鲁撒克逊）时期,1066-1500,Middle English Period The Renaissance,中古英语时期 文艺复兴,1500-1660 1516-1578 1578-1625 1625-1660 1660-1785,1) The beginning of the Renaissance 2) The flowering period,3) The epilogue of the Renaissance,The Neocl
2、assical Period The Romantic Period The Victorian Period The Edwardian Period The Georgian Period The Modern Period Postmodernism,新古典主义时期,1785-1830 1832-1901 1901-1914 1910-1936 1914 -,浪漫主义时期 维多利亚时期 爱德华时期 乔治五世时期 现代时期,1945 -,后现代主义,一、 Old and Medieval English Literature 中古英语文学 (8 世纪-14 世纪),1) The Old E
3、nglish Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period 古英语时期 (449-1066) a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf贝奥武甫- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000 行) heroism the father of English song Cynewulf(基涅武甫 9C): The Christ,c. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901),2) The Medieval Period 中世纪 (1066-ca.1485 / 150
4、0):,a. Romance 中世纪传奇故事 (1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌 无名诗人 - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士与绿色骑士: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines 14th C, Age of Chaucer: * Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟 1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English p
5、oetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”couplet; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家 The Canterbury Tales: pilgrims stories 受 Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron十日谈启发 The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose玫瑰罗曼史(译作) * William Langland(朗兰 1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman农夫皮尔斯之幻象: 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b. 1
6、5th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471): Morte DArthur亚瑟王之死- 圆桌骑士,二、The Renaissance Period 英国文艺复兴 (1500-1660): humanism 十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧,1) 诗歌 a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特 1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature b. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士 1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想 - “the
7、 complete man” Defense of Poetry为诗辩护 Arcadia阿卡狄亚: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world,Henry Howard(霍华德 1516-1547),Astrophel and Stella;,c.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞 1552-1599): the poets poet; non-dramatic poet of 伊丽莎白时代 - long allegorical romance,文风：a perfect melody, a rare
8、 sense of beauty and a splendid imagination.,The Shepherd Calendar,The Faerie Queen仙后：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic
9、 hexameter(六步诗) line.,1,2) Prose 散文 a. Thomas More(莫尔 1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人 b. John Lyly (黎里 1553-160，剧作家 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱 the trumpeter of a new age; Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic,3) 戏剧,a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛 1564-1593): University Wits
10、 大学才子派 Edward II；The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人 first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English drama The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。 Tamburlaine the Great帖木儿大帝：残酷而野心勃勃的帝王 b. William Shakespeare(剧作家 Venice and Cyprus,King Lear: British King; grea
11、test achievement; most complex in plot and most painful,10 historical plays: Henry IV; Henry V,c. Ben Jonson(琼生 1562-1637 诗人 The Alchemist炼金术士,三、 17 世纪文学,1) Literature of the Revolution Period (Age of Milton)资产阶级革命时期: poetry (Metaphysical 玄学派+ Cavalier 骑士派),a. John Donne(多恩 1572-1631)：玄学派创始人;,A Vale
12、diction: Forbidding Mourning临别辞：莫悲伤,文风：obscene, vulgar and serious philosophical thinking the conflict between body and soul The Holy Sonnets; The Flea; Go and Catch a Falling Star; The Songs and Sonnets（主题-爱） b. John Milton(弥尔顿 1608-1674)：Renaissance and Reformation (宗教改革),Paradise Regained复乐园; Par
13、adise Lost失乐园: the greatest English epic; Satan is the hero Samson Agonistes力士参孙：closet drama; for reading rather than performing; On His Blindness目盲自咏; Areopagitica论出版自由; Comus; Lallegro快乐的人; Lycidas,c. John Bunyan(班扬 1628-1688): prose writing in the Puritan Age;,文风：simple and lively prose style,Th
14、e Pilgrims Progress天路历程: prose allegory depicting a human soul searching for salvation 宗教寓言,“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁神曲、奥古斯丁忏悔录并列世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。,2) Literature of the Restoration Period (Age of Dryden)王政复辟/德莱顿时期: tendancy to Realism and Formalism restoration literature: cliquish culture 小集团文化; Fre
15、nch classical taste,a. John Dryden (德莱顿 1631-1700, 批评家 An Essay of Dramatic Poesy论戏剧诗歌: the great playwrights of Greece and Rome, 英国文艺复兴 rationality, equality 中期 (Samuel Johnson),old classics,Conform to rules and principles established by Roman and Greek Classical writers; use rimed couplet(押韵的两行诗),
16、Order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, be judged in terms of the thematic concern,2,a. Samuel Pepys(毕博思 1633-1703): The greatest diarist in 17th C b. Alexander Pope(蒲柏 1688-1744) : 新古典主义代表; master in satire and heroic couplet; Age of Pope 18 世纪初期 文风：词句工整、精练、富有哲理；对 Byron 影响巨大 first introduced rationalism to England,The Diary,An Essay on Criticism(处女作); An Essay on Man; Odyssey; The Rape of the Lock夺发记; Dunciad愚人记 c. Richard Steele (斯梯尔 1672-1729) 抨击封建偏见，傲慢的富人，及大众对赌博和决斗的反感 The Spectator(
