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1、1,2,Introduction to Hydraulic Workover Solutions 液压修井解决方案介绍,3,History of Hydraulic Workover液压修井的历史,Hydraulic Workover “HWO” is a well workover performed using a hydraulic workover (snubbing) unit to run and/or pull tubulars with or without surface pressure present on the wellhead. 液压修井是一项对油气井进行的服务，在
2、井口有压或者无压的情况下用液压修井机（带压作业机）进行起下管柱。 Hydraulic Workover Techniques in use since 1920s 液压修井技术自从1920年就开始存在了。 First Hydraulic Units developed in 1959 第一套带压作业机开发于1959年。,4,Definition of Snubbing 带压作业的定义,Snubbing is the process of running and pulling tubing, drillpipe, or casing with surface pressure present
3、on the wellhead. 带压作业是指在井口存在压力的情况下，起下油管，钻杆或者套管的作业过程。 Snubbing also describes a force-balance condition (or the “pipe-light” condition) where an external force is required to prevent the workstring from being force out of the hole. 带压作业也可以被描述成一种力平衡（或者叫轻管柱）的条件，就是需要外力的作用下防止管柱被顶出井眼。 In some situations,
4、Hydraulic Workover (HWO) may also be used to trip tubulars into and out of wells with no existing or anticipated surface pressure. 在另外一些情况下，液压修井服务也可以用于在井口无压力的情况下起下管柱。,5,Reasons for Utilizing HWO 选择液压修井的原因,When CT or Wireline is incapable of performing the task 连续油管或者电缆作业因能力限制而无法完成的作业 When reservoir
5、damage is anticipated 储层的伤害无法预知 When platform infrastructure is inadequate 作业平台的辅助设施不充分 Cost considerations 作业费用考虑 HPHT/Critical Deviation - Emergency Work 高压高温/斜度井-应急作业,6,Benefits of HWO Services液压修井的优势,Operations are completed while under pressure, well does not need to be killed. 作业过程可以允许井口有压力，不必
6、压井。 Reduces Costs by eliminating need for kill fluids Eliminates risk of damaging producing formation with kill fluids 不需要压井液而减少作业费用 消除了压井液对储层的伤害的危险 Compact size, mobile, fast rig up/rig down 小型化，移动性，快速装拆设备 Reduces overall costs 减少了总成本 Well remains in production 油气井依然可以生产 Versatile - Rotational abil
7、ity allows drilling/milling 多用途-设备具有转盘，因此可以进行钻/磨作业,7,Misconceptions for Using HWO Services 液压修井服务的误读,For “Last Ditch” effort on problem/critical wells in emergency situations. 是疑难井紧急处理的最后防线 Can be used for all applications - routine or critical. 所有情形下均可以启用液压修井服务-日常作业或者紧急情况 For only “live” well remed
8、ial services. 液压修井仅针对井口有压力的井进行修井服务 Can be used on “live” or “dead” wells. 对井口有压或者无压的井均可进行服务 For only high pressure applications.仅对高压井进行液压修井服务。 Can be used on low pressure applications as well. 也可以被用作低压井的修井服务。 Very expensive.非常昂贵 Can be a very cost effective tool.可以是一项非常性价比高的修井工具,8,Safety Considerati
9、ons For HWO 液压修井安全因素的考虑,Thorough Pre-Job Planning 十分详细的作业前计划 Required Employee Training when pulling pipe, the cylinders are pressured on the opposite side. 多液压缸的举升机为起下工作管柱提供下压和上提。当下管柱时，液压缸的切面被施压；当提出管柱时，液压缸的另一端切面会受力。,62,Required Hydraulic Pressure需要的液压压力,63,Pipe Buckling- Inelastic/Elastic管柱弯曲-非弹性/弹
10、性变形,After the required snubbing force is established, it must be confirmed that the workstring can support this compressive load without buckling. 当需要的下压压力启动时，要确保工作管柱在这种下压力下能够被支撑住不弯曲。 With increasing compressive load, buckling will first occur in the maximum unsupported length of the workstring. 在逐渐
11、增加的压缩负荷下，管柱弯曲首先会发生在工作管柱中最大无支撑长度部分。,64,Pipe Buckling- Inelastic/Elastic管柱弯曲-弹性形变/非弹性形变,65,Engineering Calculations For HWO Applications带压作业不同应用的工程计算,66,CUDD WELL HISTORYS CHINA卡德在中国的作业业绩,CHANQING OIL长庆油田苏里格气田 Inner Mongolia October 2003内蒙古，中国，2003年 Removal of Russian Wellheads which must be completel
12、y removed in order to pull the production tubing. The wellhead removal was previously only possible by “killing” the well with a heavy work-over fluid. The operating budget for these wells is quite low; therefore any technical solution must also be inexpensive to the client. Our team designed a meth
13、od to meet the criteria and successfully completed four wells. 换老式的俄式井口，为了提出生产管柱要求必须要完全去除井口。之前更换俄式井口的办法只有注入高密度的修井液压井，才能进行更换。这种作业费用非常低，因此要求作业的手段费用也不需要太高，卡德团队设计了一种作业方法，满足了甲方要求并成功的完成了作业。 As a result of this project, CUDD has a technical solution for changing the infamous “Russian Wellhead” without caus
14、ing significant formation damage to sensitive gas formations; a real problem in other Chinese oilfields. 这个项目的结果就是，卡德在没有伤害长庆低渗敏感储层的情况下成功更换不出名的俄式井口的决方案非常成功，解决了中国油田面临的一些严重问题。 CNPC TARIM中石油，塔里木油田 WELL WC # 1 KUCHE, XINJIANG NORTHERN CHINA乌参1井，库车，新疆 High pressure paraffin removal with 13500psi circulati
15、ng pressure and 8000psi SICP. Currently planning two more wells for 2013. 清蜡作业，13,500psi循环压力，关井压力8,000psi，2013年在准备再更多井的作业。 EOG RESOURCES EOG能源（中国） YAN TING, SICHUAN CENTRAL CHINA 盐亭，四川，中国 Recompleted 5 wells with 2-3/8” EUE tubing with 2000psi SICP.5口带压更换完井管柱作业，完井管柱为2 -3/8外加厚油管，2000psi关井压力 Conducted
16、 Snub / Frac with excellent result for customer. 成功完成带压作业辅助压裂，给客户带来极大效益。 Additional Snub / Fracs planned for August 2013 2013年8月即将进行下一次的带压作业辅助压裂作业。,67,Downhole Tools for HWO带压作业井下工具串,Working against pressure requires special tools in the snubbing string. To enable making and breaking of pipe connections as the workstring is tripped into and out of a pressured well, fluid flow through the string must be prevented. This is accomplished with backpressure valves located near the end of the wo
