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1、第十二讲 情态动词和虚拟语气(一)情态动词单句语法填空1(2015北京高考改编)Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really must go now. My daughter is home alone.2. (2015福建高考改编)Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You should_have_made (make) full preparations.3(2015陕西高考改编)You may feel all the training
2、 a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.4(2015重庆高考改编)You must be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.5(2014江西高考改编)Life is unpredictable; even the poorest might become the richest.6(2014四川高考改编)I still remember my happy childhood when my mot
3、her would take me to Disneyland at weekends.7(2014江苏高考改编)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, should bring me food.8(2013辽宁高考改编)Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He must_have_drunk (drink) too much at the party last night.一、情态动词的基本用法(一)can/could的用法1表示能力，意为“能，会”。Many people can use the compu
4、ter.许多人会用电脑。No one could answer this challenging question.没人能回答这个具有挑战性的问题。2表示客观或理论上的可能性。It can be very hot here in summer.这里夏天有时会很热。Accidents can happen to any drunken driver.醉酒的司机都有可能发生交通事故。3表示请求或允许。在疑问句中could可以代替can，语气更委婉。Can I have a word with you? It wont take long.(2014北京高考单选)我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。
5、4表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句和疑问句。can比could语气强。He cant be our manager. He has gone to Beijing.他不可能是我们经理。我们经理已经去北京了。He cant have left. His coat is here.他不可能已经走了。他的外套还在这里。(二)may/might的用法1表示请求和许可。在疑问句中might可以代替may，语气更加委婉。Might I ask for a picture of your little daughter?Yes, you may.我可以要一张你小女儿的照片吗？是的，可以。2表示推测，意为“
6、或许，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may语气弱。I dont really like James. Why did you invite him?Dont worry. He might not come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.我真的不喜欢詹姆斯。为什么你邀请他？别担心，他或许不会来。他说他还不能确定他的计划。3表示祝愿，常用结构为“May主语动词原形！”May you be happy every day!愿你快乐每一天！(三)must的用法1表示“必须”，语气强烈。have to表示“不得不”，意义与mu
7、st相近，但又有所区别。must表示说话人的主观看法，have to则强调客观需要；must只有一种形式，而have to有人称、时态等方面的变化。Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?I am afraid you must, in case he comes late for the meeting.我该马上通知他日程改了吗？我想你必须(通知他)，以免他开会迟到。I have to go now , because my mother is in hospital.我现在不得不走了，因为我母亲在住院。2表示推测
8、，意为“一定”，用于肯定句。Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet.昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。3意为“偏要，非要不可”。If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停止。4mustnt表示禁止，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。That car is my property; you mustnt use it without my permission.那辆车是我的财产，你必须得到我的允许才能使用。(四)s
9、hall的用法1用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见。Shall we put off the sports meet till next month?我们能否将运动会推迟到下个月？Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?明天汤姆可以和我一起去那里吗？2用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。You shall be punished for what you have done.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。(五)should/ought to的用法1should表示责任
10、、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。We should be strict with ourselves.我们对自己应该严格要求。2should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然，居然”。Such a gentleman should do that.这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。3ought to表示义务或责任，意为“应该”，语气比should稍重。You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。4should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。She promised to c
11、ome by 10 oclock. She should/ought to be here at any moment.她答应10点之前来的。她随时都可能来到。(六)will/would的用法1表示意愿、意志、决心。will指现在，would指过去。I will never talk to him again.我再也不愿意和他说话了。Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?I wanted to, but my mom simply would not let me out so late at night.为什么你昨天晚上没来参加西蒙的聚会
12、？我想去参加，但只是我妈妈不愿意让我那么晚出去。2表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉。Would you mind opening the window for me?请你给我打开窗户好吗？3表示习惯性动作、固有属性、必然趋势，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。Fish will die without water.没有水，鱼会死去的。Every morning he will have a walk along this river.每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。Mum would tell us stories before
13、we went to bed.过去在我们上床睡觉前，妈妈总给我们讲故事。4表示功能，意为“能，可以”，常用于否定句。The door wont open.这门打不开。(七)need的用法作情态动词时，need没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。其否定形式是在其后直接加not，疑问形式是直接将need提到主语前。由need构成的一般疑问句，其肯定回答用must。You neednt be told twice about one single thing.同一件事不必对你说两遍。Need I tell him everything thats happened to h
14、is parents?Yes, you must./No, you neednt.我有必要告诉他有关他父母发生的一切吗？是的，必须。/不，没必要。need还可以作实义动词，此时有人称和数的变化，后面可跟名词、带to的不定式或动名词等作宾语，其否定形式、疑问形式都要通过助动词do构成。 Plants need light in order to survive.植物存活必须有光照。Do I need to leave my telephone number and address?我有必要把电话号码和地址留下吗？You dont need to hand in your compositions today.你们今天不必交作文。二、“情态动词have done”的用法情态动词have done用法must have done一定做过某事，其否定形式为cant/couldnt have donecan/could have done1.本来能够做某事但却未做2可能做过某事cant/couldnt have done不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了neednt have done做了本没有必要做的事情He is so happy. He
