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1、 名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四种。每一种从句都有自己的引导词，引导词都位于从句的句首，且从句使用陈述语序。1、 名词性从句的引导词引导词用法从属连词that， whether，if等均不在句子中作成分。that没有意义，引导宾语从句时可以省略； whether和if意为“是否”，在宾语从句中可互换使用，但在其他名词性从句中只用 whether连接代词What,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whoever，whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分，不能省略连接副词when, where, why, how wh
2、enever，wherever,however等在从句中作状语，有具体的含义，不能省略1) The trouble is that we are short of money.2) He hasnt decided whether he will go there.3) Do you know who has got first prize?4) What we need is more practice.5) Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.6) When he will go abroad hasn
3、t been decided yet.7) One knew why he made such a mistake.名词性从句的分类一、主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句可直接放在句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句放在句末。1.that引导的主语从句 that引导主语句时只起连接作用，没有实际意义，也不在从句中作任何成分。但是,that 不能省略。That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.扶所周知，地球围绕太阳转。(从句作主语，谓动词用单数形式,)2. whether,if引导的主语从句Whether引导的主语从句
4、既可以放在句首可以放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在何末，前面需用it作形式主语。whether,if只起连接作用，在句中不作成分。Whether you succeed or not depends how hard you work at it。你能成功取决于你努力的程度。(whether 引导的主语从句放在句首）It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan.不知道他是否已经同意了我的计划。 (主语从句是whether/if has agreed to my plan, it作形式主语。)3.连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句(1)连
5、代词what, who, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whichever 等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。What he said just now is true. 他刚才所说的话是真的。(主语从句是What said just now, what在从句中作said的宾语。)Whoever breaks the law will be punished,J王子犯法与庶民同罪。 (主语句是Whoever breaks thelaw. whover在从句中作主语) 特别点击whoever whatever 引导的名词性从句一般不用it作形式主语。(2)w
6、hat引导的主语从句一般按单数对待,但在实际使用中,其单复数取决于其成分的含义。What the kid wanted was only new schoolbag. 那个孩子想要只是一个新书包。(schoolbag是可数名词单数，谓语词用单数。)What they need are car and some water.他们需要的是一辆车和一些水。(a car and some water 示复数概念谓语动词用复数,)(3)连接副词when, where, why, how在从句中作状语。Why they suddenly disappeared still remains mystry.
7、它们(恐龙)为什么突然消失了还是个谜。(主语从句是Why they suddenly dispeared, why在从句中作原因状语。)When well go for a picnic isnt known. 我们什么时候去野餐还不知道。 (主语从句是When well go for a picnic, when在从句中作时间状语.)4.必项用“it”作形式主语的主语从句(1)1t+ be+形容词(obvious. true. naturnl surprising. good. wonderful, funny. possible likely,certain. probable 等)+ t
8、hat从句。 It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that.我不可能接受像那样的帮助。(2)It+ be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity,no surprise等 + that 从句。Its no surprise that our team has won the game.我们队获胜一点都不令人吃你。(3)It+ be+过去分词( said, reported. thought, expected, decided. announced. arranged等)
9、+that从句。It is decided that the meeting has been put off till nexi Monday会议被推迟到下周一召开已经定下来了。(4)It+动词/动词短语( seem, appear, happen. matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference 等) +that从句。It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着It seems that he is not quite himself
10、 today. 他今天好像不怎么舒服。(5)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、愧惜.理应如此等语气时.谓语动词用成拟语气“should+动词原形”，常用句型为“It is necessary/important/surprising/strange/natural等+ that从句”或It is sugested requested/desired/ordered/demanded等+ that从句”。It is necessary that we (should) have breakfast.我们吃早餐是有必要的。It was suggested that we (should) put
11、off the meeting. 有人建议我们推迟会议。练全题点1单句语法填空1.It is often the case_anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.2. Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops._findstheir book will go to the site and record where they found it3._Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, wa
12、s born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.4._we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.5._the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.6. Exactly_the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain. but it was probably around 1565.7. Some people believe_has h
13、appened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.8.1 think_impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.9._it is sunny or cloudy this weekend,IIl pay a visit to the Birds Nest.10. It has been proved_eating vegetables helps build up strength.二、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句分为
14、动词的宾语从句和介词的宾语从句，其引导词有连词that, whether, if;连接代词what, who, which, whom, whose, whoever, whatever;连接副词when, where, why, how及how构成的短语等。1.动词的宾语从句(1)动词的宾语从句一般紧跟在及物动词后,但也可用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在句末。一 般定语后有补足语时需用it作形式宾语。He suggested that they leave the hotel at once.他建议他们应该马上离开旅馆。She took it for granted that you kne
15、w the matter.她认为你知道这件事情是理所当然的。I think it necessary that you should pay more attention to your pronunciation.我认为你多注意你的音是有必要的。(2)有些动词如hate, like, take, own, have等后跟宾语从句时,宾语从句前需加it。Can you see to it that everyone knows the date of the meeting? 你能保证把开会日期通知到每个人吗?1 hate it when they talk with their mouths full. 我讨厌他们说话时满嘴食物。2.介词的宾语从句介词后也可用宾语从句，但that引导的宾语从句一般不直接跟在介词后，如果需要，多用it作形式宾语，然后再接从句。1 worried about whether I hurt his felings.我担心的是,是不是伤了他的感情。You may depend on it that I shall al
