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1、西方文學的源頭：,時間：c. 850 B.C.? 與 c. 750 B.C.? 地點：地中海 (the Mediterranean Sea) 四周 民族：the Greeks and the Jews 語言：Hellenic (古希腊語)，Hebrew (古閃族語) 文類：mythological (神話的)，religious (宗教的) 代表作：the Homeric epics (荷馬的史詩)， The Bible (聖經),What is an epic (史詩)?,It is an extended narrative poem, exalted in style and heroi
2、c in theme. early or primary epics vs. literary epics Epic conventions: invocation, in medias res (in the middle of things), heros notable deeds (descent into the underworld), etc. E.g.: Iliad, Odyssey, Beowulf; Aeneid, Paradise Lost,荷馬的史詩 Homers Epics：,作品：The Iliad (伊里亞德) & The Odyssey (奧迪賽) 內容：the
3、 Trojan War (c. 1200 B.C.) Iliad: for Ilios (Troy) or for Helen Odyssey: Odysseus homeward wanderings 趣事：a. The Golden Apple: “To the fairest” Peleus & Thetis, Eris (Discord) Hera, Athena, Aphrodite Zeus, Paris, Helen, Menelaus, Agamemnon,To the Fairest,荷馬的史詩：,趣事：b. Achilles Anger: Agamemnon, Chryse
4、is, Apollo Briseis, Achilles, Patroclus, Hector, Priam c. The Escape from Sirens: Odysseus and his men, the Sirens Filling ears with beeswax, tying to the mast d. The Chaste Penelope: 50 suitors, weaving a shroud, Telemachus, Odysseus bow,Achilles and Patroclus,Odysseus & the Sirens,Penelope & her S
5、uitors,聖經 (The Bible)：,包括： the Old Testament, the New Testament (& the Apocrypha) 舊約：共 39 Books (篇) in 6 groups (類) written originally in Hebrew： History, Prophetic Books, Lyric Poetry Drama, Wisdom Literature, Tales 故事：Genesis: the creation of the world and man, the fall of Adam and Eve, Noahs floo
6、d, the Tower of Babel,Tower of Babel,聖經 (The Bible)：,Exodus: the escape by the Jews from their bondage in Egypt, led by Moses, crossing the Red Sea, wandering 40 years in the Sinai wilderness, reaching Canaan. “The Book of Job” (drama): the problem of evil. Satan, God, Job, the Voice out of the Whir
7、lwind theodicy (神義論) “Jonah and the Whale” (tale): Jehovah wanted the prophet to preach in Nineveh. Rebelliousness universality & mercifulness of God.,Job suffering from boils,Moses & Tablet,二源 即 二元：,The Hellenic Tradition The Hebraic Tradition 希腊的：神話的文化 希伯萊的：宗教的文化 Mythological culture Religious cul
8、ture Polytheistic 多神 Monotheistic 單神 Humanism 人文主義 Theism 神文主義 Hedonism 享樂 Asceticism 禁慾 For this world 今生 For the other world 來世 Secular life 世俗生話 Divine life 神明生活 Id (抑德) & Ego (本我) Super-ego (超我),至今的影響：,建築、雕刻： 繪畫、音樂： 戲劇、文學、電影： 日常生活： Its a choice between Scylla and Charybdis. We are David and Jonathan.,Scylla and Charybdis,David and Jonathan,
