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1、省 略,在英语中,为了避免结构上或内容上的重复,并使上下文连接紧密;或因为语法的客观要求,句子中的某一个或某几个成分不需要表达出来,这种现象称为省略。 省略要求保持语法结构完整,保持句子意义的准确,常用于口语交际之中。,什么叫省略:,省略句主要考查的知识点: (1)主语、谓语的省略 (2)动词不定式的省略 复习重点: (1)在从句中省略主语、谓语的情形 (2)不定式省略to以及后面动词的情形 (3)其他特殊的省略方式,怎么做省略句 解题时,首先认真分析题干句的句子结构,找出被省略的部分,把省略的句子补充完整,结合4个选项,判断空格处该选用哪个选项。,规则1:省略主语 在生活交流中,尤其在祈使句
2、中,动作的执行者明了,因此常被省略,如:(1)。 Open your books and listen to me, please. 规则2:省略谓语 在某些特定的环境中,由于语言所指清楚,为了避免重复,常将谓语动词省略,留下主语和其他成分;如果谓语部分全部省略,而只留下主语时,主语代词用宾格,如:(2)。 Jack would go to the Expo next week. Me, too.,简单句中的省略,规则3:省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分) 在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,于是为了简单或情感亲切等,可将主语和谓语同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分,如:(3) An
3、other apple, please.,2. 并列句中的省略 规则1:省略谓语 在并列句中,如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的谓语,后面分句的谓语动词则常被省略掉,以免重复,如: (1)He teaches English and his brother maths.,规则2:省略状语 当表示在同一个地方所发生的事情时,则将其中一个分句的状语省略,如: (3)He was born and died in that house.,3. 状语从句中的省略 (1) When (she was) asked, she didnt answer a word. (2) He likes dogs m
4、ore than cats. (3) It is colder in Beijing than in Hunan.,4. 名词性从句中的省略 规则1:引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也能省略,如: (1) He said he had arrived here two days before and that he had lived in a hotel.,规则2:作宾语的wh从句中的谓语动词与主句的相同,则wh从句的谓语,甚至主语可以省略,如: (2) Someone has used my bike, but I dont know wh
5、o. 规则3:在某些表虚拟语气名词性从句中,should可以省略。,规则1:to be的省略 有些动词,如:believe, find, think, feel, consider, imagine, prove等后作宾补的结构to be n. / adj. 中的to be可以省略,如: (1)I consider him stupid. 规则2:小品词to的省略 (1)在see, watch, hear, feel, observe, notice, look at, listen to等感观动词及使役动词let, make, have 后的“宾语 动词不定式作宾语补足语”的结构中,不定式符
6、号to须省略,但这类结构变成被动语态时,其后的不定式要还原加上to。,6. 动词不定式中的省略,(2)在can not but, can not choose but, can do nothing but, cant help but, prefer to do. rather than do, would rather dothan之后的动词不定式一般不带to。 (3)在并列结构中为了避免重复,后一个to省略,如:Im really puzzled what to think or say. 但两个不定式有对照或对比的意义时,则后一个to不能省略,如:I came not to scold
7、 but to praise you.,(4)在why, why not 引导的特殊问句中,后跟的动词不定式须省略to。 规则3:不定式中动词的省略 (1)动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise, wish, hope, plan等动词后作宾语时,为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to,如: Did you get a ticket? No, I meant to, but there werent any l
8、eft.,【注意】 (1)在when, if, what, as 引导的从句中,want, like后的不定式符号to常省略,如: You can go and play football if you want. (2)be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等后面不定式动词若与前面的动词相同,则其后的动词常被省略,只留下不定式符号to,如: I dont want to wait for him, but I have to.,(3)动词不定式在 ask, warn, tell, advise, force, wish, exp
9、ect, allow, permit, invite, persuade, order, would like, forbid等动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语时,如果作宾语补足语的不定式中,其动词与前面的动词相同。为了避免重复,补足语不定式常省略动词原形,而保留不定式符号to,如: The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to.,(4)在“系动词(be) 形容词”,即“be afraid / ready / glad / happy / willing”等后面接不定式,为了避免重复,常省略与上文相
10、同的动词,只保留不定式符号to,如: Could you go shopping with me? Im glad to (go shopping with you). (5)主语部分有to do, 系动词是is或was时,作表语的不定式通常省去,如:The only thing you have to do is press the button.,规则1:名词所有格后修饰的名词在以下情况可以省略: (1)如果名词所有格修饰的名词在前文已出现,则可以省略,如: These are Johns books and those are Marys. (2) 名词所有格所修饰的名词,若表示住宅、店
11、铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常常可以省略,如: He was at the doctors then.,7. 某些词法上的省略,规则2: (1)在副词的最高级前面的定冠词常可以省略,如:She sings best in the class. (2)在某些独立主格结构中,如: Our teacher came in, book in hand. Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand. 规则3:介词的省略: I have some difficulty answering the question.,8. 替代性省略 在一些交际用语中的某些动词,如:think, suppose, expect, believe, guess等后常常和so, not等连用,以替代上文出现的内容,如: Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? I suppose not.,