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1、Robots（3）英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。汉语中常用被给由受等词来表示被动，而英语中由助动词be及物动词的过去分词构成。.各种时态的被动结构一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的被动结构是考查重点。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。以do为例：一般时态进行时态完成时态现在am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehas/have been done过去was/were donewas/were bei
2、ng donehad been done将来shall /will be done无shall/will have been done过去将来should/would be done无should/would have been done Everyones pay will be increased next year by 5%.明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。 It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。.主动语态表被动意义1有些动词如read, write, clean, wash,
3、iron, burn, draw, cook, keep, cut, open, blow, peel, sell, act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well, easily, smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。如：This pen writes smoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。The cloth washes well.这种布料耐洗。2动词need, require, want, be worth后加v.ing的主动结构表被动意义。My wat
4、ch cant work; it needs repairing. 我的手表不能用了，需要修了。This film is really worth seeing. 这部电影的确值得看。.不用于被动语态的情形不及物动词(短语)如appear, happen, remain, take place, come about, break out, come true等没有被动语态。A fire broke out during the night.夜间发生了火灾。.动词不定式的被动形式和用法当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般时和完成
5、时。一般时：to be done表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。完成时：to have been done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。He didnt expect the book to be received so well.他没想到这本书会受到如此热烈的欢迎。.不定式的主动形式表被动意义1动词不定式放于名词或代词之后作定语，不定式和名词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，同时又和句中另一名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。Would you bring me a bench to sit on? 你给我拿个凳子来坐好吗？2在主语be形容词不定式
6、句型中，形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。这样的形容词很多，常用的有：amusing, cheap, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, easy, fit, hard, important, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, funny, heavy, light等。That question is difficult to answer.那个问题不容易回答。3在too.to.结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This
7、book is too expensive(for me)to buy.这本书太贵，我买不起。4在there be.句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语重点在人，用被动形式作定语重点在物。比较：There is a lot of work to do.(用to do可看成是for us to do)There is a lot of work to be done.(用to be done谁做工作不明确)5be to blame常用主动表示被动。Who is to blame for starting the fire?谁应为放火受责备？1(2014北京)There a
8、re still many problems_ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A.solvingB.solvedC.being solvedD.to be solved2(2013四川)The airport _ next year will help promote tourism in this area. A.being completedB.to be completedC.completedD.having been completedK真题1.D【解析】句意:在我们准备长时间待在月球上之前仍旧有很多问题需要解决。分析
9、句子结构可知,空处在句中作定语。又根据语境可知此处表示没有发生的事,应用不定式形式,同时solve和problems之间为动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式,故选D项。 2.B【解析】句意:明年将竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区旅游业的发展。空处表示将要发生的动作,且它与所修饰的名词the airport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用不定式的被动式作定语。选B。想象类作文属于开放性作文，要求学生充分发挥自己的想象力。对于写作的内容，我们可以从自己的生活出发进行幻想，寻找题材；也可以就如何解决现实或者未来世界中会出现的问题进行合理的想象。想象类作文可按照如下写作模板来写：（1）首先，确定主题。我们可以把
10、生活中碰到的事物、电视上或书本上看到的各种科幻形象的特点进行揉和，充分发挥自己的想象力，从而创造出一个生动的角色，确定作文的主题。（2）其次，构思情节。情节内容的设定要新奇，要能吸引人。这就要求学生充分发挥自己的想象力，在科学的基础上合理想象。1My ideal robot is a (n)2The robot I want will be.3It has two arms and four wheels.4It can help me with my homework/housework.5It can work for a long time without feeling tired.6
11、It looks like a real person.7It has feelings like human beings.8It can provide companionship when Im lonely.社会发展到了2030年，照顾老年人成了一个突出的社会问题。你公司顺应社会需求适时推出了家用机器人。该机器人的主要功能有：1可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整。2可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等。3及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒时及时拨打呼救电话等。请你根据以上内容写一份发言稿，在新闻发布会上向大家推荐你公司的这一新产品。注意：1.词数为120左右；2内容可适
12、当发挥，注意行文连贯；3短文开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：突出的，显著的prominentLadies and gentlemen，Thank you for attending our companys news conference. As you know,_【范文欣赏】Ladies and gentlemen，Thank you for attending our companys news conference. As you know, with the development of society, people have to face various pressur
13、es. They dont have enough time to attend to old people in their family, which has become a prominent social problem. To solve this problem，our company put out the household robot designed to take care of the old people.It can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual n
14、eeds. Besides, it can also accompany old people in having a chat, playing chess and doing exercise. Moreover，it can deal with emergencies. For example, if an old man falls ill all of a sudden, the robot will call doctors for help. All in all, it would be a great help for you if you own such a robot. Thank you.
