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1、大学英语四级考试模拟题一Part Writing （30 minutes）Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic: ONE OFF CHOPSTICKS. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese：1. 你和你的朋友在餐厅就餐，你的朋友对餐厅提供的非一次性筷子不满。2. 餐厅的负责人解释说这是为了节约资源， 并保证这些餐具已经严格消毒；3
2、. 你对此事的看法和采取的做法。 One-off Chopsticks注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Part Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）Directions： In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choice
3、s marked A,B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.考试就注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8-10题在答题卡1上。 Plastic Bag PollutionThe use of plastic bags has increased at an alarming rate since they became popular in the 1980s. Big black bin liners, plastic carrier b
4、ags carrying advertising logos, clear sandwich bags and a variety of other forms. Theyre lightweight, handy and easily discarded. Too easily discarded. Just take a look around you. Plastic bags can be seen hanging from the branches, flying in the air, settled amongst bushes, and floating on rivers.
5、They block up drains causing water and sewage to overflow and become the breeding grounds of bacteria that cause diseases.Plastic bags are difficult and costly to recycle and most end up on landfill sites where they take around 300 years to decay. They break down into tiny toxic particles that pollu
6、te the soil and waterways and enter the food chain when animals accidentally consume them. But the problems surrounding waste plastic bags start long before they decay. Our planet is becoming increasingly endangered by our over-use of plastic bags.Production of Plastic BagsPlastic bags are made from
7、 ethylene (乙烯)，a gas that is produced as a by-product of oil, gas and coal production. Ethylene is made into polymers (聚合体)chains of ethylene molecules called polyethylene. This substance, also known as polythene, is used to produce a range of items, including plastic bags. You have probably noticed
8、 two types of plastic shopping bagsthe lighter, filmy bags you get from supermarkets and food outlets, and the heavier bags from other retail outlets, like clothing stores. The supermarket bags are made from high density polyethylene (HDPE), while the thicker bags are made from low density polyethyl
9、ene (LDPE). Unlike HDPE, LDPE can not be recycled. While plastic bags may not be the most high tech application of plastics technology, it is certainly one of the most prevalent. According to Clean Up Australia, Australians use in excess of 6 billion plastic bags per year. If tied together these bag
10、s would form a chain that is long enough to go around the world 37 times. More than half of these bags (3.6 billion) are made from HDPE.Dangers to Sea LifePlastic bags are now amongst the top 12 items of waste most often found along the coastlines. Animals and sea creatures are hurt and killed every
11、 day by discarded plastic bagsa dead turtle with a plastic bag hanging from its mouth isnt a pleasant sight but mistaking plastic bags for food is commonplace amongst marine animals. Plastic blocks their intestines (肠道) and leads to slow starvation. Others become entangled in plastic bags and drown.
12、Because plastic bags take hundreds of years to break down, every year our seas become “home” to more and more bags that find their way there through our sewers and waterways. Every bag thats washed down a drain during rainfall ends up in the sea; every bag thats flushed down a toilet ends up in the
13、sea; every bag thats blown into a river will most likely end up in the sea. One disquieting fact stemming from this is that plastic bags can become serial killers. Once an animal diet of plastic bags, it decays at a much faster rate than the bag. Once the animal has decomposed, the bag is released b
14、ack into the environment more or less intact, ready to be eaten by another misguided organism. The incredibly slow rate of decay of plastic bags also means that each bag we use compounds the problem, because the bags simply accumulate.Pollution Taxes & BansDifferent countries have adopted a range of
15、 approaches to discourage the use of plastic bags in an attempt to cut down on the number of bags finding their way into the environment. In South Africa for instance, where an estimated eight billion plastic bags are used annually, the government has implemented new regulations that will see only t
16、hicker, more durable plastic bags produced. As well as making them more suitable for reuse, it is hoped that the extra cost associated with their production and supply will prevent retailers giving the higher quality bags away, making their use a more expensive option for consumers.The use of plastic bags is being discouraged in other places such as Singapore and Tainwan, while the ta
