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1、A l k a n e No m e n c l a t u r e Nomenclature of Alkanes a. The parent compound must have the longest chain of carbon atoms. Learn: methane (1 carbon atom), ethane (2 carbon atoms), propane (3 carbon atoms), butane (4 carbon atoms), pentane (5 carbon atoms), hexane (6 carbon atoms), heptane (7 car
2、bon atoms), octane (8 carbon atoms), nonane (9 carbon atoms) and decane (10 carbon atoms). Try to name the following compounds. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 J CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 J CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 J Try to draw structures for the following compounds. propane J pentane J octane J b. The pa
3、rent chain is numbered to give substituents the lowest possible numbers. Substituent names are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc. The number showing the point of attachment to the parent chain precedes the substituent name. If you have more than one substituent with the same name, a number of attach
4、ment must be given for each substituent and the number of the substituents must be designated with di-, tri-, etc. Try to name the following compounds. J J J Try to draw structures for the following compounds. 2,2-dimethylpropane J 3-methylheptane J h t t p : / / c h e m i s t r y . b o i s e s t a
5、t e . e d u / p e o p l e / r i c h a r d b a n k s / o r g a n i c / n o m e n c l a t u r e / a l k a n e n o m e n c l a t u r e 1. h t m （第 14 页）2 0 0 9-5-1 15: 53: 0 3 A l k a n e No m e n c l a t u r e 4,5-diethylnonane J c. Substituents are named in alphabetical order. Remember that the numbe
6、ring of the parent chain must give all substituents the lowest possible numbers regardless of their names. Try to name the following compound. J d. A large substituent is numbered to give its point of attachment number one and any other smaller groups are named as substituent groups on the larger gr
7、oup. This numbering is independent of the numbering of the parent chain. Try to name the following compounds. J J Try to draw structures for the following compounds. 4-(1-methylethyl)heptane J 5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)nonane J e. Ring compounds are designated with a cyclo- prefix and are numbered to giv
8、e multiple substituents the lowest possible numbers. A single substituent does not need to be numbered. A ring can also be named as a substituent. Try to name the following compounds. J J h t t p : / / c h e m i s t r y . b o i s e s t a t e . e d u / p e o p l e / r i c h a r d b a n k s / o r g a
9、n i c / n o m e n c l a t u r e / a l k a n e n o m e n c l a t u r e 1. h t m （第 2 4 页）2 0 0 9-5-1 15: 53: 0 3 A l k a n e No m e n c l a t u r e J Try to draw structures for the following compounds. ethylcyclobutane J 1-ethyl-4-methylcyclohexane J cyclobutylcyclooctane J f. Common names that you s
10、hould know are. isopropyl = 1-methylethyl isobutyl = 2-methylpropyl sec-butyl = 1-methylpropyl tert-butyl = 1,1-dimethylethyl neo-pentyl = 2,2-dimethylpropyl iso-pentyl = 3-methylbutyl Try to name the following compounds using common names. J J Try to draw structures for the following compounds. 4-i
11、sopropyloctane J isopentylcyclohexane J h t t p : / / c h e m i s t r y . b o i s e s t a t e . e d u / p e o p l e / r i c h a r d b a n k s / o r g a n i c / n o m e n c l a t u r e / a l k a n e n o m e n c l a t u r e 1. h t m （第 34 页）2 0 0 9-5-1 15: 53: 0 3 A l k a n e No m e n c l a t u r e Co
12、 p y r i g h t A u g u s t 2 0 0 0 b y Ri c h a r d C. Ba n k s . . . a l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . h t t p : / / c h e m i s t r y . b o i s e s t a t e . e d u / p e o p l e / r i c h a r d b a n k s / o r g a n i c / n o m e n c l a t u r e / a l k a n e n o m e n c l a t u r e 1. h t m （第 44 页）2 0 0 9-5-1 15: 53: 0 3
