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1、,例 Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy_. A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved,A,第11讲 情态动词和虚拟语气,解析本题考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program，可见条件与过去事实相反。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。,例 G
2、eorge is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused,解析would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，用动词的过去式。,B,例 Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you_ have done it as yesterday was the
3、 deadline. A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt,解析此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should + have + done：本来应该做而未做。,C,例 “You _ have a wrong number，” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.” A. need B. can C. must D. would,解析情态动词如果表示非常肯定的推测，用must。,C,例 I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on
4、 the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may,解析shall在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制、命令、威胁、警告。还可以是在法律条文中的要求或规定。,B,can /must/may/should这四个情态动词可以用于推测；可以是对现在的状态、现在正在进行的动作、过去已经发生的动作或对将来发生的动作进行推测。,情态动词的猜测用法,情态动词,(1)canttoo/over=cantadj./adv. enough 再也不过分 A parent cant b
5、e over/too patient. We cant drive carefully enough. (2) cant help/choose but do 不得不做 She cant help but drop school. (3) cant help (to) do不能帮忙做 (4) cant help doing情不自禁做 (5) cant/couldnt agree more 十分赞成 (6) it cant/couldnt be better 十分好，非常好,can 的一些特殊搭配,情态动词,情态动词的完成式：表示动作发生在过去，但带有“虚拟语气”的意义。 (1) could h
6、ave done 本来能够做而实际上未做 (2) might have done 本来可以做而实际上未做 (3) should / ought to have done 本来应该做而实际上未做。 (4) ought not to have done /shouldnt have done 本来不应该做而实际上做了 (5) neednt have done 本来不必要做而实际上做了,情态动词的完成式,情态动词,if 的三种虚拟形式,虚拟语气,(1)名词性从句中，当谓语动词表示“建议，命令，要求”等意义时，名词性从句用(should)+ 动词原形。 (2)I wish (that)+宾语从句 (从
7、句必须使用虚拟语气) (3)would rather/prefer + that从句(从句用虚拟语气) 表示愿望与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时； 表示愿望与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。,名词性从句中的虚拟语气,情态动词,(4)名词性从句表示说话人“强烈”的感情色彩，此时，从句用should +动词原形/should + have done (表示动作在过去已经发生)，should 可译为“应该，居然，竟然”。should 也可以省略。 常见的句型如下： 主语 + be + sorry/ disappointed/ surprised + that从句 It is a pity / a s
8、hame/ an honour/ no wonder that从句。,名词性从句中的虚拟语气,情态动词,(1)if only 要是就好了= I wish(与wish后面的虚拟语气类似) 例：If only you hadnt told him the news. (2)without/ but for 如果没有 例：Human beings would die without water. =Human beings would die if there were no water. I couldnt have succeeded but for your help. =I couldnt
9、have succeeded if you hadnt helped me.,含蓄虚拟语气,情态动词,(3)otherwise/ or 否则，不然的话 例：I had no money then. Otherwise I would have bought that book. =If I had had money then, I would have bought that book. (4)含虚拟语气的句子+but + 真实情况 例：I would have bought that book, but I had no money.,含蓄虚拟语气,情态动词, Why didnt you
10、buy it? I _ but I didnt have the money. A. would B. would have C. had had D. had bought,解析从Why didnt you buy it? 可以判断出是过去我并没有买下它，因为我在当时并没有钱。but I didnt have the money 暗含了if I had had the money 这样的假设，故而I would have 则表示I would have bought it if I had had the money. 即结果与过去事实相反。,B, Its strange that such
11、 a young lady_ have a 10yearold son. A.may B. need C. shall D. should,解析在Its strange that句型中，谓语动词用should do。,D, Its a pity that you didnt come to join us in the camp. If I _ so busy, I would have. A. werent B. wasnt C. hadnt been D. shouldnt,解析与过去事实相反的虚拟。,C, Kate, will you come to my party tonight? Yes, but I really _， as I have an important appointment with Mr. Brown. A. cant B. wont C. mustnt D. shouldnt,解析cant表示客观情况不允许，来不了了。,A, What do you think of Jim? Hes usually a quiet boy, but sometimes he_be rather naughty. A. should B. would C. can D. will,解析can意为“可能”，表示客观上存在的一种可能性。,B,
