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1、Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.语法课,直接引语和间接引语,直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。 直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。 直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。,人称的变化,人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化，根据意义进行相应的变化。 例如： He said, “These books are mine.” He said that those books were his.,时
2、态的变化,直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如： Tom said to me, “My brother is doing his homework.” Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.,直接引语,间接引语,一般现在时,一般将来时,现在进行时,一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时,过去时态,直接引语,间接引语,amis,are,havehas,will,can,do,was,wer
3、e,had,would,could,did,直接引语,间接引语,语序的变化,1.陈述句的间接引语: 陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。例如： He told us. “I want the blue one.” He told us that he wanted the blue one.,2. 疑问句的间接引语,直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。 间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。 引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire。 间接疑问句一般有三种：,(1)一般疑问句由直接引语
4、变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。如： The old man asked，“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital.,(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。如：She asked. “What do you think of the film?” She asked her friend what she thought of the film.,(3). 选择疑问句由直接
5、引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if or引导。如： Mum asked.“Is it your bike or Toms? ” Mum asked whether / if it was my bike or Toms.,3. 祈使句的间接引语,当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。如：Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary.” Jack asked Mary to go to his house the ne
6、xt day.,He told Marcia he (will / would) call her tomorrow. Ben said he (can / could) speak four languages. Judy said (goes / went) to the movies last Friday. She said she (will / would) bring snacks and pizza to your party. My mother said she (is / was) cooking supper.,Exercise ：,1. Gina said, “(I
7、ll / Id) see you tomorrow, Dan.” 2. Martin was happy. His parents told him he (can / could) borrow the car. 3. We told our friends that we (go / went) camping every year. 4. The reporter asked, “(Do / Did) you speak Japanese well?”,5. Sandy said she (is / was) very tired. 6. Jack told his mother, “(
8、Im / I was) going to study at Davids house on Saturday.” 7.They said they (was / were) having a surprise party for Nina.,1. Gina：“I will call you on Sunday.” 2. Tony：“ I go camping every week.” 3. Linda：“ I am upset at my report card.” 4. Tanya：“I am learning to speak English.” 5. Kenji：“I will go to Sams house Friday night.”,Gina said she would call me on Sunday.,Tony said he went camping every week.,Linda said she was upset at her report card.,Tanya said she was learning to speak English.,Kenji said he would go to Sams house Friday night.,
