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1、初中英语现在完成时语法总复习 一、 Topic: 现在完成时 二、lead in：一般现在时（经常性动作或状态；客观事实或真理） 现在进行时（正在进行的动作或持续的状态） 一般过去时（过去发生的，或过去经常性动作，回忆过去） 过去进行时（过去正在发生的动作或状态） 一般将来时（将来动作，将来经常性动作，打算或即将发生的动作/状态） 现在完成时：表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定 结束）的动作或状态。 强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结 果。 三、presentation 1.结构：主语 +have/has+ 动词过去分词 +其他 否定句： 一般疑问句及答语：
2、 2.用法： 1表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。考试中经 常伴随明显的上下文提示。 常用标志词有 already, yet, just, ever, never, before, so far 等。 I have already finished my homework, so I can enjoy my vacation now. I haven t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet? 【真题解析】 1.(2016 单选 )We have worked so long. Sha
3、ll we stop to have a rest? 2.（2016 选词填空）All of us have passed the exam. How happy we are! 3.(2015 选词填空 )Where are you going on vacation this summer? - I haven t planned it yet. already 与 yet 的用法：already常用语肯定句中， 在助动词 have/has之后； yet 常用于疑问句、 否定句中，句末位置。含already 的陈述句变为疑问句或否 定句时， already改为 yet，放句末。 2表示过去
4、某一时间到现在期间反复发生的动作或多次动作的总和。常伴随 once, twice, three times, how many times ? 等标志词出现 e.g. I have seen this film for 6 times. It s so good that I want to see it again tomorrow. 【真题解析】 a.（2015 单选）-How many times have Carl gone to the Great Wall? -Only once. A.does; go B.did; go C. has; gone D.has; been b.(2
5、014 单选 ) Betty can play the piece of music very well because she many times. A.practiced B.will practice C.is practicing D. has practiced c.The girl can t be Sarah. She has gone to the library. have been to V.S. have gone to 3 表示过去已经开始， 持续到现在的动作或状态。 此时常与 “for 一段时间 或“since过去的点时间或从句 （从句用一般过去时） 以及 so f
6、ar （到目前为止） 等时间状语连用，对for 和 since引导的时间状语提问要用How long e.g. 1. How long has she been here? - Shes been at this school since five years ago 2. I havent seen him for three years 注意： 在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续， 故不能与 for 或 since 引出的时间状语连用。如连用，需把短暂性动词转换为延续性动词，或 转化为 be+形容词 /副词 /介词 /名词等 .(转换表见讲义末
7、)。 【真题解析】 1.(2017 填空 )People in this city have planted lots of trees in the last few years. 2.Shakes Peare for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today. A.died B. was dying C.has died D. has been dead 四、practice I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form. 1. I_ already _ (see) the f
8、ilm. I _ (see) it last week. 2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet. 3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 4. Where s Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office. 5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here. 7. How long _
9、the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks. 8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) t
10、he tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? III. Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Macau before. (改为否定句 ) I _ _ been to Macau before. 2. He hasn t come to school because he was ill. (就划线部分提问 ) _ _ he come to school? 3. I bough a new b
11、ike just now. (用 just 改写) I _ just _ a new bike. 4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句 ) We _ _English _three years 5. He has never surfed, _ _? （改成反意疑问句） 6. They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问 ) _ _have they been here? 7. The old man _ last year. He has _ _for a year. (die) （动词填空
12、） 8. Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换 ) Miss Gao has _ _ _ an hour ago. 五、production Make up your own sentences with present perfect tence 六、附录：延续性动词转换标 Borrow-keep Buyhave Catch a cold have a cold Put on-wear Get to know-know Get to sleep-sleep Begin/startbe on Go outbe out Get to/arrive in/reachbe (in) Diebe dead Openbe open Leave be away Finishbe over Fall illbe ill Get upbe up Fall asleep be asleep Joinbe in/be a member of Go to schoolbe in school Become-be Make friends-be friends Come/gobe+相应的介词短语
