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1、现在完成时态,Grammar Focus,现在完成时,标志词：already/just/ yet/never/ in the past few years, since短语/从句， for短语 构成： 肯定句：sb. have/has done 否定句：sb. have/has not done 一般疑问句：Have/has sb. done ? 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ have/ has sb. done ?,Have you ever been to the amusement park? Yes, I have. When did you go there? I went there la
2、st year.,P97,1. Have you seen Mrs. Tang these days? (yes) _ 2. Have you played kites this spring? (no) _ 3. Have they watched the movie The Titanic? (yes) _ 4. Has your mother ever been to Tibet? (never.) _,. 用括号中给出的词回答问题。,No, she has never been to Tibet. (No, never.),Yes, I have.,No, I havent.,Yes,
3、 they have.,主要用法如下： 1. 在未指明具体时间的情况下, 现在完成时动词 通常可以表示在说话之前已经完成, 而后果或 影响至今仍存在的动作。 The concert has started. 音乐会已经开始。 I have had breakfast. 我已吃过早饭。,2. 现在完成时动词可以表示开始于过去持续 到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态。 1) I have studied English since last year. 我从去年开始学习英语。 2) She has lived in Beijing for five years. 她住在北京已经五年了。 注
4、意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和marry 等动词所表示的动作是 一时的, 不能延续的, 故不能与for , since 等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。不过, 这些 词用于否定句则可以与表示持续的时间状语连用， 即动作的不发生是可以持续的。,不能说: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half
5、 years. *His grandma has died for nine months. * I have received his letter for a month. 可以说: He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months. I havent received his letter for almo
6、st a month.,或者说： It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book. It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. It is nine months since his grandma died.,5. How long have you played the piano? (two hours) _ 6. How long has Tom listened to English songs? (
7、twelve years old) _ 7. How many English story books have they read this semester? (six) _ 8. How many cities have you visited? (twelve) _,I have visited twelve cities.,I have played the piano for two hours.,Since he was twelve years old.,They have read six English story books.,have/has been to 表示动作一
8、直在进行, 即动作的延续性时, 则多用现在完成进行时。,I have waited for him for many times. I have been waiting for him for an hour. He has drunk six cups of coffee. He has been drinking coffee.,1. -_ you ever _ to an aquarium? -Yes, we had a good time there. A. Have, gone B. Had, been C. Have, been 2. I _ my grandpa last Su
9、nday. A. have visited B. visited C. was visiting 3. She _ Shanghai for a month. A. has come to B. came to C. has been in,. 单项选择,C,B,C,4. Lu Xun _ more than fifty years ago. A. died B. has died C. has been dead 5. Fanny _ TV at this time last Saturday. A. has watched B. was watching C. watched 6. -Ha
10、ve you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, have come B. ever, come C. ever, have come,A,B,C,either & neither,Neither的意思是“两个都不”（not either）；either的意思是“两个中的任何一个”（one of two）或“两个中的各一个”（each of two）。 Neither常和nor用在一起；either常与or用在一起。,Neither of them is in Hong Kong now 他
11、们现在都不在香港。 I like neither of the novels =I like neither novel. 这两本小说我都不喜欢。 在口语里，我们常用not either代替neither。如上面第二个句子，在口语中可以说：I dont like either of the novels,Either of them is in Hong Kong now 他们有一个现在在香港。 We can take either road =We can take either of the roads. 两条路我们可以任挑一条走。,bothandeitherorneithernor,Mi
12、ke is both tall and handsome. In the program tonight Mary will both sing and dance. You may either stay or go. Either you or I am wrong. He neither drinks nor smokes. Both she and I _ going to do the cleaning. Neither he nor I _ well-educated.,are,am,就近原则,Either John or his classmates _ going to pla
13、y basketball this weekends. Neither you nor I _ wrong. Neither thecats nor the little black dog _ my favorite. I like keeping birds. A is B are C be D was Neither of the two teachers _ tired. Either of the two teachers _ been to Beijing.,am,are,A,has,is,either 还可以用于否定句中表示“也”, 这种用法与肯定句中的too相对应。,当neit
14、her表示“亦不”涵义时，其后的主谓语往往要倒装。与肯定句中的so相对应。例： You did not see her，neither did I You will not go to Macau, neither will I,You did not see her. I didnt, either You will not go to Macau，I wont, either.,动词不定式,(not) to do sth.,动词不定式的用法, 可以充当宾语、定语、 表语和除谓语外的其他成分。 To get on well with the classmates is important f
15、or me. The most important thing is to save lives. Who wants to have another try?,(作主语),(作表语),(作宾语),The teacher asks the student to read every day. The next train to arrive is from London. Dad went to the hospital to see his friend.,(作宾语补足语),(作定语),(作状语),2. all I ever wanted to do was travel. I ever wanted to do 是定语从句。 我曾经想做的一切是旅行。 3. that the best way to do this was to become a flight attendant. that the bes
