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1、,2014高考文言文复习,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,清.刘淇助字辨略: “构文之道,不过实字虚字两端。”,2014高考文言文复习,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,2014高考文言文复习,文言
2、实词词义 的推断,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,学习目标,1、探究文言文实词词义推断的基本方法 2、学会利用方法,结合语境推断实词含义,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,第一组,例1、尊老在东,何
3、心独飨白粲?,例2、王怒曰:“劓(y)之。”,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,骐骥,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,酩酊,形旁:表示事物的类别,声旁:起标声的作用,形声字的形旁只能表示某种意思的范
4、围,而不能标明形声字的具体含义。,形声字,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,1、其后秦伐赵,拔石城。(廉蔺列传) 2、后因伐木,始见此山。(雁荡山),会意字,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,“刂(刀
5、)、弓、矛、戈、斤(斧)”多与 有关,“马、牛、羊、豕、犭、鸟、虫” 多与 有关,“(言)、辶(走)、彳(行)” 多与 有关,兵器,动物,人的行为,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,“禾”与五谷 有关; “贝”与金钱有关; “皿”与器具 有关; “宀”与房舍有关; “穴 与洞穴 有关 “冖”与笼罩有关; “礻”与礼祀 有关; “舟”与船舶有关; “言”与说话 有关; “忄”与思想有关。 “月”与肉
6、 有关; “酉”与 酒 有关; “米”与食物有关; “系”与捆绑有关; “纟”与织物有关; “革”与皮革有关; “歹”与死亡 有关; “角”与容器有关;,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,“禾”与五谷 有关; “贝”与金钱有关; “皿”与器具 有关; “宀”与房舍有关; “穴 与洞穴 有关 “冖”与笼罩有关; “礻”与礼祀 有关; “舟”与船舶有关; “言”与说话 有关; “忄”与思想有关。 “月
7、”与肉 有关; “酉”与 酒 有关; “米”与食物有关; “系”与捆绑有关; “纟”与织物有关; “革”与皮革有关; “歹”与死亡 有关; “角”与容器有关;,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,方法一:字形分析法,汉字是表意文字,其中80以上是形声字,还有一些会意字。形声字中的形旁往往是表意的,会意字的组成部分共同来表意。,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.
8、Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,、翻译下面这句话 (杜环)妻马氏,解衣更母湿衣,奉糜食母,抱衾寝母。(09年广东),译文:(杜环)的妻子马氏脱下自己的衣服换下常母的湿衣,拿稀饭给她吃,拿被褥安排她就寝。,高考链接,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,2、翻译下面这句话 天台
9、生困暑,夜卧帷中,童子持翣(sh)飏于前。(10年浙江),译文:天台生热得难受。晚上躺在蚊帐里面,童仆拿着扇子在前面给他扇风。,高考链接,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,1、生而眇者不识日,问之有目者 2、丰则贵籴(d),歉则贱粜(tio),试试看:,(双目失明 ),(买进粮食、卖出粮食),Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET
10、3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,夫晋,何厌之有 使弈秋诲二人弈 女也不爽,士贰其行,餍 满足(贪得无厌),教导(诲人不倦),差错(屡试不爽),第二组,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,方法二:成语印证法,成语中保留了大量文言词义,我们在掌握了一定量的成语后,便可以根据一些成语的意义、用法,推断出实词词义
11、。,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,1、湖南之为邦,北枕大江,南薄五岭,西接黔蜀 (10湖南卷),2、帝善其不挠,迁(宋)均司隶校尉。(09全国卷I),接近,日薄西山,不屈不挠 百折不挠,屈服,高考链接,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2
12、011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,试试看,2011年湖南卷 下列句子中加点的词的解释是否正确? 吾读严子祺先之文,深叹其能矫然拔俗也。 拔:拔除,?,出类拔萃:超出同类之上。多指人的品德才能。,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,特别提示:,我们要积累大量成语,而且要准确理解,否则此方法无效。,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .N
13、ET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,1、忠不必用兮,贤不必以。 (涉江),译文:忠诚的人不一定被任用。,第三组,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,、谷则异室,死则同穴。 (诗经),译文:活着居室两不同, 死后要埋一坟中。,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Sli
14、des for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,方法三:对应互释法,文言文中排比句、对偶句、并列词句等对举的语言现象很多,在一组结构相同的句子中,位置对称的词语一般词性相同、词义相近或相反。,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,3、时浓雾半作半止(徐宏祖游黄山记),(起来,升起),4、简能而任之
15、,择善而从之。 (魏征传),(选拔),Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,民殷国富 文过饰非 扶危济困 求全责备 前倨后恭 党同伐异,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,5、对下列句子中加点词的解释,正确
16、的一项是 (3分) A、(周访)周穷振乏,家无余财 振作 B、吏误收访,访奋击收者 收留 C、(周)访复以舟师造湘城 前往 D、(周)访威风既著,远近悦服 愉快,2013年广东卷,高考链接,?,振,通“赈”,救助,Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,2008年 福建卷 6翻译下文中划线部分。(10分) 子谓颜渊曰:“用之则行,舍之则藏,惟我与尔有是夫!” (论语述而),译文:任用我,我就推行自己的主张;不任用我,我就退隐。只有我和你能够做到这样吧!,高考链接,30,29,28,27,26,25,24,23,22,21,20,19,18,17,16,15