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1、矿物加工专业英语1,Chapter 1 第一章 Introduction 导论 1.1 Mineral and Ores 矿物与矿石 1.1.1 Minerals 矿物 The forms in which metals are found in the crust of the earth and as seabed deposits depend on their reactivity with their environment, particularly with oxygen, sulphur, and carbon dioxide. Gold and the platinum me
2、tals are found principally in the native or metallic form. Silver, copper, and mercury are found native, as well as in the form of sulphides, carbonates, and chlorides. The more reactive metals are always in compound form, such as the oxides and suphides of iron and the oxides and silicates of alumi
3、nium and beryllium. The naturally occurring compounds are known as minerals, most of which have been given names according to their composition e.g. galena-lead sulphide, PbS; sphalerite-zinc sulphide, ZnS; cassiterite-tin oxide, SnO2.,专业词汇: Metal: 金属 crust：地壳 seabed deposits：海底矿 environment：环境 sulp
4、hur：硫 carbon dioxide：二氧化碳 Gold：黄金 platinum：铂金 native：自然的 metallic form：金属形式 Silver：银 copper：铜 mercury：汞 sulphide：硫化物 carbonate:碳酸盐 chloride：氯化物 reactive metals：活性金属 compound form：化合物形式 oxide：氧化物 silicate：硅酸盐 aluminium：铝 beryllium：铍 composition：成分 galena：方铅矿 lead：铅 sphalerite：闪锌矿 zinc：锌 cassiterite：锡
5、石 tin：锡 iron：铁,参考译文： 金属在地壳中和海底的存在形式取决于它与其环境元素，尤其是与氧、硫和二氧化碳的化学反应活性。金和铂主要以“自然”或者说金属形式存在。银、铜和汞通常以硫化物、碳酸盐和氯化物形式存在，其单质形式亦存在。活性更大的金属总是以化合物形式存在，例如，铁以氧化物和硫化物形式存在，铝和铍以氧化物和硅酸盐形式存在。自然产生的化合物就称为矿物，大部分矿物是根据它们的化学成分而命名如方铅矿-硫化铅；闪锌矿-硫化锌；锡石-锡的氧化物。,1.1.2 Metallic ores 金属矿 The abundance of metals in the oceans is relate
6、d to some extent to the crustal abundancies, since they have come from the weathering of the crustal rocks, but superimposed upon this are the effects of acid rain-waters on mineral leaching processes; thus the metal availability from sea-water shown in table 1.2 does not follow precisely that of th
7、e crustal abundance. The sea-bed is likely to become a heavily exploited source of metals in the near future for the so-called “manganese nodules” are rich in a variety of metals in addition to manganese. These nodules are continuously being formed in oxygen-rich waters particularly in the Pacific O
8、cean.,abundance of metals: 金属含量 to some extent：在一定程度上 weathering of the crustal rocks：地壳岩石的风化 acid rain-waters：酸雨 mineral leaching processes：矿物浸出过程 the crustal abundance：地壳含量 manganese nodules：锰结核 oxygen-rich waters：富氧水 the Pacific Ocean：太平洋,翻译： 金属在海洋中的含量在一定程度上与其在地壳中的含量有关，因为海洋中的金属来自于地壳岩石的风化，但另一个影响因素
9、是酸雨对于矿物浸出过程的影响；因此表1.2中示出的金属在海洋中的含量并非与其在地壳中的含量完全一致。海底可能在不远的将来成为金属的重要来源，因为所谓的“锰结核”不仅含锰，而且还富含很多种其它金属。这些锰结核在富氧海水中还在不断形成，尤其是在太平洋海水中。,1.1.3 Non-metallic Ores 非金属矿 Ores of economic value can be classed as metallic or non-metallic according to the use of the mineral. Certain minerals may be mined and proces
10、sed for more than one purpose. In one category the mineral may be a metal ore, i.e. when it is used to prepare the metal, as when bauxite hydrated aluminium oxide is used to make aluminium. The alternative is for the compound to be classified as a non-metallic ore, i.e. when bauxite or natural alumi
11、nium oxide is used to make material for refractory bricks or abrasives.,专业词汇： Ores of economic value 有价矿石物 mined 开采 processed 加工 category 目录 bauxite 铝土矿 hydrated aluminium oxide 水和氧化铝 refractory bricks 耐火砖 abrasives 磨料 有价矿物按照其用途可分为金属和非金属矿物。某些矿物的用途可以不仅仅只有一种。在一种情况下某种矿物可以是一种金属矿物，即当它用于生产金属时，如铝土矿水和氧化铝用于生
12、产金属铝时；另一种情况下铝土矿被分类为非金属矿物，即当它用于生产耐火砖或磨料时。,1.2 Scope of Mineral Processing 选矿的作用 Mineral processing is concerned mainly with the physical methods of separation, which may be: . Separation dependent on optical and radioactive properties, etc. This is often called sorting, which commonly included hand s
13、election of high-grade ores until relatively recently. . Separation dependent on specific gravity differences. This utilises the differential movement of minerals due to mass effects, usually in hydraulic currents. Although the method declined in importance with the development of the froth flotatio
14、n process, it is now being increasingly used due to improved techniques and its relative simplicity compared with other methods. It also has the advantage of producing less environmental pollution. . Separation utilising the different surface properties of the minerals. Froth flotation, which is und
15、oubtedly the most important method of concentration, is affected by the degree of affinity of the minerals for rising air-bubbles,within the agitated pulp. By adjusting the “climate” of the pulp by various reagents, it is possible to make the valuable minerals air-avid aerophilic and the gangue mine
16、rals water-avid aerophobic. This results in separation by transfer of the valuable minerals to the air-bubbles which form the froth floating on the surface of the pulp. . Separation dependent on magnetic properties. Low intensity magnetic separators can be used to concentrate ferromagnetic minerals such as magnetite, while high-intensity separators are used to separate paramagnetic minerals from their gangue. Magnetic
