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1、知识感悟一、词汇详解1.extend vt. 延长；延伸;扩大；增长;给予；提供【典型例句】We extended our vacation so that we could visit another city.我们延长假期,为的是看看另外一座城市。This park extends for a long way.这个公园伸展到远处。You can extend your knowledge by reading books.你可以通过读书来增长知识。He extended an invitation to the evening party to the entire class.他向全班
2、同学发出邀请,参加晚会。【相关链接】extend,spread,stretch,expand辨析：(1)extend“伸出；延伸”,指空间范围的扩大,以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸,也可指时间的延长。(2)spread“伸开；传播”,一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围,如传播(疾病),散布(信息等)。(3)stretch“伸展；拉长”,一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展,不是加长。(4)expand“展开；扩大”,不仅指尺寸的增加,还可指范围和体积的扩大。 2.range n. 排;山脉;范围vt. 排列;分类vt. 排列(人、物);使成行【典型例句】In the distance lies a mount
3、ain range(=a range of mountains).远处蜿蜒着(一列) 山脉。The teacher ranged his pupils along the curb.教师使学生沿着路边排队。I ranged the books on the shelf by/according to size.我把书依大小顺序排在书架上。They were ranged against the government.他们站在与政府为敌的一边。【知识小结】range作动词时,经常用于以下结构中:(1) range on/in/along.排列(人、物)；使成行(2) range oneself.
4、加入;袒护；支持(3) range among/with/on. 站在的一边;位列；位居(4) range from.to.(从)分布(到)(5) range between. (价格等)(在和之间) 变动;(温度等)(在和之间) 升降作名词时,则有以下几个常见短语:(1) beyond the range of. 超越的范围(2) within range of. 在的范围之内(3) be out of ones range 某人所不能及的；非自己知识范围之内的；自己所无法知道的(4) within/out of range 在射程内/外(的)(5) at long/short range
5、在远近距离3.govern v. 统治；管理;限制;抑制,控制【典型例句】Who governs this country?谁治理这个国家？You should govern your temper.你应该克制一下自己的脾气。【相关链接】(1)governor n. 统治者;主管人员;总督;州(省)长Who is the governor of this country?谁是这个国家的统治者？The new governor has changed the law.新州长改变了法律。(2)government n. 政府；内阁;治理;支配;政治；政体The Government decided
6、 to adopt the plan.政府决定采纳那个计划。4.take hold of抬；扶；抓住【典型例句】Take hold of that end to help me move this table.请你抬桌子那头,帮我把它移开。Take/Catch hold of this rope,and well pull you up.抓住这根绳子,我们就会把你拉上来.【知识小结】catch/get/take hold of都表示“ 抓住；得到”。【相关链接】表示“抓住”这一含义的词汇还有cap,chief,cip,capt,cupy,cept,ceive,cop,catch,clutch,
7、chapt,sei-ze,grapple,grasp,grip,latch,tackle,get,prehension,trap 等。5.benefit n. 利益；好处;津贴 v.有益于；得益【典型例句】The fresh air will benefit you.新鲜空气对你有益。He gave us the benefit of his advice.他的劝告对我们很有好处。We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。【相关链接】(1)benefit习惯用于以下结构中：for (=to)sb.
8、s benefit 为了某人的利益by the benefit of 由于的恩惠acquire(=get;have;receive)the benefit of 获得之益give sb.the benefit 给予某人利益lose the benefit of 丧失的利益reap the full benefit of 收到的全部效益benefit from 受益于例如:You will benefit from experience.你一定会从经验中获得益处。(2)词形变化:beneficial adj. 有益的,有利的;(对)有益的,有好处的。例如:a beneficial insect
9、益虫Sunshine and moisture are beneficial to living things.阳光和水分有益于生物(生长)。6.deal with处理,对付【典型例句】How would you deal with an armed burglar?遇到持有武器的盗贼,你将如何对付？Ive dealt with this shop for 20 years.我同这家商店做生意已经有20年了。This is a book dealing with West Africa.这是一本有关西部非洲的书籍。How are you going to deal with these stu
10、dents?你将如何同这些学生们打交道？【知识小结】(1)除了“处理,对付”这一含义之外,还有“与有贸易往来”“与做买卖”“关于,有关”等含义。(2) do with 常与连接代词 what 连用。【相关链接】辨析do with 与 deal with:(1) do with 与 deal with 都可作“处置”讲。do with 常与连接代词 what 连用,而 deal with 常与连接副词 how连用。例如:I dont know how they deal with the problem.(= I dont know what they do with the problem.)
11、我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。(2)这两个词组在使用时有细微的差别。一般地说,do with 表示“处置；忍受；相处；有关”等。而deal with 意义很广,常表示“对付；应付；处理；安排；论述；涉及”等。7.confidence n.U信心;自信;把握;信赖;(向知心人)吐露的秘密;私房话【典型例句】The actress walked on to the stage with great confidence.女演员蛮有信心地走上舞台。He enjoys the confidence and esteem of his friends.他得到朋友们的信任和尊敬。I am telling
12、you this news in confidence.我秘密地告诉你这个消息,不要外传。I took him into my confidence.我向他道出了心里话。【知识小结】with confidence充满自信地in confidence秘密地【相关链接】(1)有关短语:have no confidence in oneself 对自己没有信心place (=put) ones confidence in对给予信任have confidence in someone信任某人take a person into ones confidence对某人吐露秘密或私事;把某人当作知心人sha
13、re the confidence of sb.受到某人的信任(2)同类辨析:belief/trust/confidencebelief 指“承认某事是真的,尽管有或没有确凿的证据”。例如:belief in ghosts 相信有鬼trust 指“信赖、信任”,含有“坚定的信念”的意思,例如:enjoy the trust of the people得到人民的信任confidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”,也常指“自信；有把握”,例如:She has great confidence in her success.她对自己的成功充满信心。8.develop vi.&vt.发展;发育;开发
14、;培养【典型例句】The healthy development of my daughter is the most important to me.对我来说,我女儿的健康成长是最重要的。This factory has developed from a small workshop.这家工厂是从一个小作坊发展起来的。Having sports can develop ones mind and body.体育锻炼有益身心发展。China is still a developing country now,but we believe she will become a developed
15、country in the future.中国现在仍然是发展中国家,但是我们相信她将来会成为发达国家的。【知识小结】development n. 发展;开发developing adj. 发展中的developed adj. 发达的9.be addicted to对(药物等)上瘾【典型例句】She is addicted to television.她对电视入了迷。He became addicted to the drug.他上了毒瘾。【相关链接】(1)有关短语:be addictive to 对上瘾addict oneself to沉溺于；醉心于be addicted to嗜好；热衷(2)词形变化:addict n.&vt.对(药物等)上瘾的人;瘾君子addiction n. 沉溺；上瘾addictive adj. (药物等)上瘾的(3)考点分析:addict/addictive/addi
