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1、初中英语语法现在完成时知识点总结归纳现在完成时构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词用法：1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用。I have just had lunch. (饱了，不用再吃了。)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝。)They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了。)The boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了。)2) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：
2、Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3) 表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4) 表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过事情，经历过事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever bee
3、n to Paris.Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.(人还在那里)5) 表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化：变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Y
4、es, I have. / No, I have not.特殊疑问句What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用。错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from Beijing for 3 days.知识提升：现在完成时：1.构成：have / has + 过去分词2.功能：(1)表示过去所发生的动作对
5、现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet, just, before, recently, lately(最近), ever, never等表时间的副词搭配使用。. He hasnt seen her lately. . I havent finished the book yet.(2) 表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作，常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如：so far(迄今为止), up till now(直到现在), since, for a long time(很长时间), up to present(直到现在), in the past / in the last
6、 few years(在过去的几年里), these days(目前). He has worked here for 15 years. . I have studied English since I came here. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time. So far, I havent received a single letter from my brother.(3)某些非延续性动词(即：动作开始便终止的动词)，在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。黄金要点：I. 常见的非延续动词：die, arr
7、ive(到达), join(加入), leave(离开), go, refuse(拒 绝), fail(失败), finish, buy, marry, divorce(离婚), awake(醒), buy, borrow, lend . (背三遍!)II.这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由for引导的时间状语。III.但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。. She has gone away for a month.(误). She has been away for a month (正). The man has died for two y
8、ears.(误). The man has been dead for two years.(正). How long have youbought the book?(误). How long have you got the book.(正)(4)注意 since的用法：. They havent had any trouble since they came here. It has been ten years since we met last time. He has been here since 1980. He has been here since ten years ag
9、o.几组对比：. He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。. He has been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。. She has gone. 她已走了。 . She is gone. 她缺席了。(或者她死了。). The door has been closed. 门关上了。(动作). The door is closed. 门是关着的。(状态)测试精编1. The prices _ going up all the time in the past few years.A. keep B. kept C. have kept D. are keeping
10、2. For the whole period of two months, there _ no rain in this area.A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been3. Today is Janes wedding day. She _ John.A. have just married with B. was just married toC. has just been married to D. just has been married to4. No wonder the flower have withered, they _ any water for ages.A. hadnt B. havent C. havent had D. hadnt had5. Nowadays computer _ a wide application with the development of production and science.A. found B. has found C. finds D. had foundKEYS 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B
