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1、江苏省江阴市峭岐中学2016届高三英语复习情态动词讲义情态动词情态动词有：can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must, have to, need, dare (dared), ought to, used to. 情态动词无人称和数的变化，不能独立使用，它与其后面的动词原形合成谓语。情态动词的具体用法如下：1 can1）表示能力 能，能够A computer can not think for itself, it must be told what to do.2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。The tem
2、perature can fall to 60, that is 60 below freezing. 气温可降至60，也就是零下60。He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。3）表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）“是否有可能”_ it be true that your bike was stolen again? (Is it possible?)How _ you be so careless!_ anyone be such a fool as to believe
3、that?4）用来表示一种可能出现的事情，或表示某事、某物、某人偶然或通常有做出什么事的倾向。通常（但并非总是）指不愉快的事情。或表示某些特殊情况下的可能性,客观的可能性Our house is on the top of a hill, and in winter the winds _ be pretty cold. The World Wide Web is jokingly called the World Wide Wait, for sometimes it can be very slow.It can be very cold in the mountains.Accident
4、s can happen on such rainy days.I would rather go shopping alone than go with her because she can be rather tiresome at times.比较：Driving on these roads _ be a very nerve-racking business.Driving on this icy road _ be dangerous today.5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？Im afraid
5、 we couldnt give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。6) can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。如：I could / was able to play chess when I was six.但be able to 可用于各种时态Ill not be able to come this afternoon.I have been able to do the work.I hope to be able to do the work.区别：Something was wrong with my car, but I _ driv
6、e it to the garage.= Something was wrong with my car, but I _ drive it to the garage.= Something was wrong with my car, but I _ drive it to the garage.be able to 可以表示经过努力或克服了困难之后做成了某事，相当于manage to do , succeed in doing 7)表推测 cant have done 表示对过去发生的事情的否定推测She cant be at home now, for the lights are a
7、ll out.It cant have rained last night, for the ground is dry.8) can 的习惯用法It is as good as can be.不能再好了。One cannot be too careful to drive a car./ in driving a car.One can not but be moved by his noble deeds.人们不能不为他那高尚的行为所感动。cant/couldnt help doingcant/couldnt help to do2. could1) can 的过去式I could spe
8、ak a little Japanese when I was at college but now I have forgotten all of them except a few words.2) 客气的请求Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes/Of course, you can.3) could用在肯定句中表示一种比较婉转的怀疑。His story _ be true, but I hardly think it is.4) could have done表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遗憾。意思是“本可以；可能已经做了某事”I stayed at
9、a hotel while in New York._ Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Barbara.5) couldnt have done”表示对过去情况的推测，意思是“不可能做了”。例如：He could not have seen the film because he knew nothing about it.3.may,might1）表示许可，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。May (Might) I ask for a ph
10、oto of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？May I use your car? No, you mustnt.(Sorry, but Im using it now./Youd better not.)在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please dont ./ Youd better not. / No, you mustnt.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。2）表示可能（可能性较 must 和 can 小）。might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。Peter may
11、 come with us tonight , but he isnt very sure yet.They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。3) may/might have done表示对过去的推测。Its too late. He may have gone to bed.Yesterday ,Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise ,she might have said something she would regret later.4.
12、shall1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、威胁”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）You shall fail if you dont work hard. (警告)3)当宣布法律、规定时It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their se
13、ats until all the papers have been collected.(规则或规定)5. should1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。You shouldnt waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。They should
14、be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.- They should be ready by 12:00.3). 在名词性从句中表感情，即说话人认为应该如此。例如：It is natural that students should study hard.4). 表示“竟然”Swine flue should have nothing to do with pigs.5). should have done 表示过去应该做而未做某事。含有惋惜、责备
15、的意味。例如：We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead.6. will1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。None is so blind as those who wont see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。2）表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求，用于第二人称的疑问句中Will you close the window? Its a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Wont you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。The boy will sit there hour after hour looking
