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1、初中语法专题(一) there be句型(带答案)There be句型学习内容一、基本概念：There be句型表示“某地（或某时）有某人（或某物）。There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语/时间状语.There are +复数名词+地点状语/时间状语.二、结 构： 1. There是引导词，没有词义；2. be动词为谓语动词，名词为主语；be动词和名词要保持数的一致。3、 用法详解（考点）1、考点一：主谓一致There is a pen and two rulers in the box. There are two rulers and a pen in the box.注
2、意：主谓一致遵循就近原则的还有：eitheror；neithernor；notbut; not onlybut also等。 e.g. Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。 Not only you but(also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了，他也错了。肯 定 句：“There be某人/某物地点时间状语”否 定 句：“There be not/no +某人/某物+地点/时间状语”一般疑问句：“Be there +某人/某物+地点/时间状语”?
3、特殊疑问句：“疑问词+be there+某人/某物+地点/时间状语”?反义疑问句：“There be某人/某物地点时间状语，be (not) there?”2、考点二：句型转换1）否定句: 加not/no There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。注意：not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.如： There are some pictures on the wall. There arent any pictures on the wall. =There are no pict
4、ures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. There isnt a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.2）一般疑问句: be动词提前 There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。如： There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the wat
5、er. Are there any fish in the water? 3）特殊疑问句：选择疑问词v 对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导；当主语是物的时候，则用what 引导。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式。如：There are many things over there. Whats over there? There is a little girl in the room. Who is in the room? v 对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。如：There is a computer on the desk. Wher
6、e is the computer? There are four children on the playground. Where are the four children? How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？ How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？v 对数量提问： 如：There are twelve months in a year. How many months are there in a year? There is a cat in the box. How many cats are there in the box? Ther
7、e is some money in my purse. How much money is there in your purse?4）反义疑问句：be (not) there?如：There is a radio on the table, isnt there? 桌子上有一台收音机，是吧? There are more than fifty students in your class, arent there? 你们班有50多名学生，是吧?3、考点三：时态与句型现在时（there is/are） There must/may / cant be 过去时(there was/were)
8、There used to be完成时(there have/has been) There happened to be将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be) 如：There must be a pen in the box.盒子里一定有只笔。There may be a rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有雨。There happened to be some money in my pocket. 我口袋里刚好有些钱。There is going to be /will be a meeting tonight.今晚将会
9、有一次会议。There has been a big tree on the top of the hill. 山顶上已经有棵大树了。There used to be a church across from the bank.银行对面原来有间教堂。4、考点四：There be 与 have的区别1）There be表示“某处/时存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。如： He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。2）当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义或ther
10、e be表示所属时，二者可互换。如： A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。 There is nothing but a book in my bag. =I have nothing but a book in my bag.包里只有一本书。5、考点五：主语后的动词形式1）主语与动词是主动关系时用现在分词 There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。2）主语与动词是被动关系时用过去分词 There are five minutes left now. 现
11、在还有5分钟。注意：主语后的动词只能使用非谓语动词（to do/doing/done），因为there be句型已有谓语动词be。6、there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义如：There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做。注意：当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时，后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式，意义各不同。There is nothing to do. 没有事可做。There is nothing to be done. 没有办法(束手无策)。7、变体：there be结构中的be有时可用come ,
12、 lie, live, stand, remain等代替如： Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else. 从前有位国王喜欢新衣服胜过别的任何东西。 There stands a school at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一所学校。 综合题库一单项选择1.There isnt _water in the glass. Lets go and get some.A. many B. lots C. any D. some2.There _a lot of ne
13、ws about Zhang Ziyi on TV last night. A. was B. had C. is D. were3. There _ many changes in the village recently. A. is B. are C. have been D. to be4. -There _a lot of meat on the plate. Would you like some? -Just a little, please.A. is B. are C. am D. be5. There _ some books, a ball pen and a ruler
14、 on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has6. There _ a ball pen , a ruler and some books on the desk.A. is B. are C. have D. has7. There is a boy _at the door.A. stand B. standing C. stood D. is standing8. -_is in the house? - There is an old woman in the house.A. What B. Whose C. Who D. Which 9. There _a meeting ton
