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1、初中语法专题(一) there be句型(带答案)There be句型学习内容一、基本概念:There be句型表示“某地(或某时)有某人(或某物)。There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语/时间状语.There are +复数名词+地点状语/时间状语.二、结 构: 1. There是引导词,没有词义;2. be动词为谓语动词,名词为主语;be动词和名词要保持数的一致。3、 用法详解(考点)1、考点一:主谓一致There is a pen and two rulers in the box. There are two rulers and a pen in the box.注
2、意:主谓一致遵循就近原则的还有:eitheror;neithernor;notbut; not onlybut also等。 e.g. Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。 Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你,而是你的父亲该受责备。 Not only you but(also) he is wrong. 不仅你错了,他也错了。肯 定 句:“There be某人/某物地点时间状语”否 定 句:“There be not/no +某人/某物+地点/时间状语”一般疑问句:“Be there +某人/某物+地点/时间状语”?
3、特殊疑问句:“疑问词+be there+某人/某物+地点/时间状语”?反义疑问句:“There be某人/某物地点时间状语,be (not) there?”2、考点二:句型转换1)否定句: 加not/no There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意:not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.如: There are some pictures on the wall. There arent any pictures on the wall. =There are no pict
4、ures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. There isnt a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.2)一般疑问句: be动词提前 There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可。注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。如: There is some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the wat
5、er. Are there any fish in the water? 3)特殊疑问句:选择疑问词v 对主语提问:当主语是人的时候,则用who 引导;当主语是物的时候,则用what 引导。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式。如:There are many things over there. Whats over there? There is a little girl in the room. Who is in the room? v 对地点状语提问:则用where 引导。如:There is a computer on the desk. Wher
6、e is the computer? There are four children on the playground. Where are the four children? How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语? How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语?v 对数量提问: 如:There are twelve months in a year. How many months are there in a year? There is a cat in the box. How many cats are there in the box? Ther
7、e is some money in my purse. How much money is there in your purse?4)反义疑问句:be (not) there?如:There is a radio on the table, isnt there? 桌子上有一台收音机,是吧? There are more than fifty students in your class, arent there? 你们班有50多名学生,是吧?3、考点三:时态与句型现在时(there is/are) There must/may / cant be 过去时(there was/were)
8、There used to be完成时(there have/has been) There happened to be将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be) 如:There must be a pen in the box.盒子里一定有只笔。There may be a rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有雨。There happened to be some money in my pocket. 我口袋里刚好有些钱。There is going to be /will be a meeting tonight.今晚将会
9、有一次会议。There has been a big tree on the top of the hill. 山顶上已经有棵大树了。There used to be a church across from the bank.银行对面原来有间教堂。4、考点四:There be 与 have的区别1)There be表示“某处/时存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。如: He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义或ther
10、e be表示所属时,二者可互换。如: A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。 There is nothing but a book in my bag. =I have nothing but a book in my bag.包里只有一本书。5、考点五:主语后的动词形式1)主语与动词是主动关系时用现在分词 There is a purse lying on the ground. 地上有一个钱包。2)主语与动词是被动关系时用过去分词 There are five minutes left now. 现
11、在还有5分钟。注意:主语后的动词只能使用非谓语动词(to do/doing/done),因为there be句型已有谓语动词be。6、there be后接不定式时常用主动形式表示被动意义如:There is a lot of work to do. 有许多工作要做。注意:当该句型主语是something, anything, nothing等不定代词时,后面的不定式用主动形式或被动形式,意义各不同。There is nothing to do. 没有事可做。There is nothing to be done. 没有办法(束手无策)。7、变体:there be结构中的be有时可用come ,
12、 lie, live, stand, remain等代替如: Once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else. 从前有位国王喜欢新衣服胜过别的任何东西。 There stands a school at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一所学校。 综合题库一单项选择1.There isnt _water in the glass. Lets go and get some.A. many B. lots C. any D. some2.There _a lot of ne
13、ws about Zhang Ziyi on TV last night. A. was B. had C. is D. were3. There _ many changes in the village recently. A. is B. are C. have been D. to be4. -There _a lot of meat on the plate. Would you like some? -Just a little, please.A. is B. are C. am D. be5. There _ some books, a ball pen and a ruler
14、 on the desk. A. is B. are C. have D. has6. There _ a ball pen , a ruler and some books on the desk.A. is B. are C. have D. has7. There is a boy _at the door.A. stand B. standing C. stood D. is standing8. -_is in the house? - There is an old woman in the house.A. What B. Whose C. Who D. Which 9. There _a meeting ton