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1、Stylel Masterpieces of orationl Highly persuasive and convincingl Eloquent: forceful expressions, structure, words with abstract meaning l Emotional: language to arouse sympathy, hatred and passionParallelism: l The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes away.l Prayfor the re
2、turn of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector.l We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air.l I see the Russian soldiers standing.I see them guarding.I see the ten thousand villages of Russia.I see advancing upon.I see also the dull, drilled
3、, docile, brutish masses.I see the German bombers and fighters.I see that small group of villainous.Function： concise in language balance in structure forceful in tone distinguished in significance add clarity and coherence to what one wishes to communicate （使文章更有说服性）Repetition重复:E.g We have but one
4、 aim and one single purpose nothing will turn us-nothingWe will never parley, we will never negotiate.This is our policy and this is our declarationas we shall faithfully and steadfastlyfunction:Emphasize the importance of opinionsFeatures:detailed descriptionconcrete words:“stand”, “threshold”, “ti
5、ll”, “laugh”, “pray”.Alliteration头韵:I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiersAlliteration phrases;chop and changemight and mainrack and ruintime and tidehale and heartymud and mirerhyme or reasonweal and woesink or swim多变力量毁灭岁月健壮泥沼条理祸福沉浮Function:All of these are writte
6、n to show us how we can squeeze all we want to do out of day, those twenty-four hours which cannot be stopped, stored or stretched.Simile:.Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.Function: an association between the large quantity, disgusting way of advancing of German soldiers and
7、 locusts.Increase the impact of the language.Simile & Metaphor Rid the earth of his shadowliberate people from his yoke. They will be rounded up in hordes.I see Russian soldiers standing on the threshold.Means of existence is wrung from the soil. Function: Increase the impact of the language.Onomato
8、poeia声喻法:I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking, heel clicking, dandified Prussian officers,e.g clanking, heel-clicking,cowing and tying .plodding on like crawling locusts, .smarting from many a British whipping.Antithesis对仗:Any man or state who fi
9、ghts on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.Periodic Sentence圆周句:If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is w
10、oefully mistaken. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.function:a sentence has its main idea at the end of the sentence. This brings an effect of tenseness, suspense and dramatic climax.Add variety to an otherwise monot
11、onous sentence structure.Increase the difficulty of understanding.Long sentence:He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemies once more by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the scene will be clear for the
12、 final act, without which all his conquests would be in vein- namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system. Function: clear and explicit with no room for misunderstanding or misinterpretation make clear the logical relationship between events or ideas through subor
13、dination. Short sentences between long onesThis changed conviction into certainty.Function: Short and snappy, Very emphatic and effectiveImperative sentence：E.g let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strength while life and power remains.Function: Face to face with the audience，Stimulate feelings作为一篇公众演讲，文中还使用大量合成词，如indistinguishable, ferocious, threshold, steadfastly 等，使语言更加严肃，更具权威性。广泛使用人称代词，特别是第一人称复数“我们”，拉近了与听众的距离。这篇演讲极具说服力，意味深长，感情充沛，令人信服，直到现在仍被认为是演讲史上的名篇。This speech is very persuasive and convincing.
