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1、内容提要国有企业改革是中国社会转型的一个重要方面，改革的过程其实是资产置换和人员身份置换的过程。买断工龄是实现国有企业人员置换的一条重要途径。作为一场涉及几千万职工及其家庭成员的巨大社会变革，买断工龄对经济社会发展的影响是广泛而深远的。深入认识买断工龄这一社会事实，有益于相关社会政策的正确制定，也有益于对当前的其他相关社会现象和问题做出解释，从而促进社会的良性运行。本文通过文献研究、问卷调查、深度访谈获得相关的资料，综合运用定性研究和定量研究的方法，从社会公正理论、资本理论和社会行动理论等视角，对国有企业改制中买断工龄行为过程中出现的主要特征、成因及其影响进行了探讨。本文认为买断工龄是在国有企
2、业改革过程中，政府与企业通过经济补偿的方式，解除职工与原国有企业的劳动关系，实现国有企业职工身份由“单位（企业）人”向“社会人”转化的一种政策行为,其本质是以资本转换的方式实现职工身份的转换。这一转换过程表现出以单一经济资本替代其他资本、经济补偿不公平问题突出、风险转嫁于职工、非自愿与不对等、职工行动在冲突中顺从等主要特征。在此过程中出现这些特征的主要原因是“效率优先”的理念下出现了某些政策定位偏误，政府角色多重而出现职能错缺，以及政府、企业、职工的三方权力不平衡和职工在守法意识主导下采取的有限理性行动。本文对买断工龄行为过程中产生的影响进行分析。买断工龄实现了国企改制过程中职工身份的置换，实
3、现了职工从“单位（企业）人”到“社会人”的转变，有力地推进了现代企业制度和市场经济体制的建立，促进了人们市场意识的形成。但是，买断工龄也带来了许多负面影响，如在改变买断工龄人员资本结构的同时导致部分人员出现总体性贫困；在社会结构方面，加速了一些富裕群体形成的同时，也导致了原国有企业职工中的部分成员的弱势化；在社会心理层面，部分买断工龄人员群体出现了失落、孤独和对未来无望心理，形成一定程度的社会紧张和焦虑，而且，买断工龄还在社会基本价值观念和人们对执政合法性的信任等方面带来负面影响。本文最后认为消除和减弱买断工龄行为过程中产生的负面影响应该首先反思买断工龄行为政策的理念、性质，赋予政策制定和实施
4、以整体性观照，坚持以往贡献、公正操作、互惠互利的原则，对买断工龄人员特别是其中的弱势群体要建立有效的保护和发展机制，完善由政府主导的社会支持网络。关键词：国企改制买断工龄社会公正资本转换ABSTRACTThe replacement of assets and the replacement of personnel are thetwo key tasks in the reform of state-owned enterprises,which is animportant aspect in the transformation of Chinese society.Buying of
5、f theservice years is a major way to realize the replacement of personnel.Asan enormous social change involving tens of millions of workers andtheir family members,buying off the service years has a broad andfar-reaching influence on the economic and social development.Tounderstand this social fact
6、deeply is not only beneficial to set downcorrect social policies,but also to explain the other current socialphenomena and social problems,thereby it can promote the healthyrunning of our society.This thesis analyses the relevant information obtained fromliterature studies,questionnaires and in-dept
7、h interviews in the methodsof qualitative research and quantitative research.It discusses the mainfeatures,causes and effects of buying off the service years in therestructuring of state-owned enterprises in the views of social justicetheory,capital theory and social action theory.The thesis thinks
8、that the essence of buying off the service years isto transform the status of workers from“the unit(the state-ownedenterprise)”to“the social”through financial compensation in theprocess of the reform of state-owned enterprises.The process of buyingoff the service years displays the following major f
9、eatures:alternatingother capital in a single economic capital,prominently unfair problem offinancial compensation,transferring of risks to workers,non-voluntaryand non-reciprocal,and workersobedient action in the conflict.Themain causes led to these features are that the orientation of the policies
10、isbias under the concept ofefficiency first,and that governmentalfunctions appear of mistakes and shortages because of the multiple roleof the government,and that the imbalanced power is among thegovernment,enterprises and workers and that the staff take limitedrational action in the awareness of la
11、w-abiding.This thesis analyses the influences of buying off the service years.On one hand,it achieves replacement of the status of workers,enhancespeoples awareness of the market,and promotes effectively to establishthe modern enterprise system and the market economy system.On theother hand,it bring
12、s about many negative impacts.For example,it leadsto overall poverty of some workers when it changes the capital structureof them;in the social structure,it leads to disadvantageousness of someformer workers of state-owned enterprises,at the same time itaccelerates some of the better-off groups form
13、ed;in the socialpsychological aspects,it results in a certain level of social tension andanxiety,such as lose,lonely and hopeless for the future of some workerswho had bought off the service years,and whats more,it brings aboutnegative effects not only in the basic social values but also in theconfi
14、dence of the legitimacy of the ruling.In order to reduce or eliminate these negative impacts,this thesisadvises that we should reflect on conviction and nature of policies of theacts,consider wholly establishment and implement of the policies,abideby the principles of compensation according to contr
15、ibutions,fairoperation and mutual benefit,establish an effective mechanism of theprotection and development for the workers who had bought off theservice years,especially the vulnerable groups of them,and build up agovernment-led social support network.Key words:restructuring of state-owned enterprises/buying offthe service years/social justice/capital conversion目录前言.1（一）问题的提出.1（二）相关研究综述.3（三）理论视角.8（四）研究方法与资料获得.12一、买断工龄行为概述.
