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1、中考英语复习系列 动词下（六）掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基本句型结构及主要用法 情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。 情态动词的种类：原 形 过去式 词 义 can could 能 may might 可以（或许） must must(had to) 必须（不得不） will would 愿意 shall should 应该 need needed 需要 dare dared 敢于 can的
2、用法（1）表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。The boy can swim very well.Who can answer this question?（2）表示允许The students can leave after the meeting.When can I get the news?（3）表示推测It can be wrong.Who can your new teacher next term?could的用法（1）can的过去式，表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。They could run very fast when they were
3、young.Could you speak English at that time?（2）表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。Could I borrow your bike?Could you listen to me carefully?（3）表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度 How could that be? She couldnt know me. must的用法（1）表示义务，命令或必要You must finish it before 5 oclock.Must I hand it in now?（2）表示肯定的推测：一定She must be a pretty girl.You mu
4、st be wrong. need的用法(1) 表示“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。We need to pay more attention.Need I call him for you?（2）need引导的疑问句，肯定回答时多用must，否定回答时用neednt。Need he come? 他必须来吗？Yes, he must.是的，必须来。No, he neednt.不，他不必来。 may的用法（1）表示请求、许可、可以May I ask you some questions?May we start now?（2）表示推测说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。H
5、e may be 25 years old.We may come back in three days.（3）may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。May you success!May you have a nice trip！ should的用法should意思是“应该”，表示劝告或建议（=ought to）Who should I meet this afternoon?You should pack you bag quickly.（七）了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才
6、有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（p.p.）”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化亦如此。1一般现在时的被动语态（am/ is/ are +done） English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们
7、每天都打扫教室。2一般过去时的被动语态(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。3一般将来时的被动语态(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I think
8、 thousands of people will be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。（八）了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词; 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）（九）掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则
9、（十）动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语和状语（包括目的状语，结果状语和原因状语。）1）作主语To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高兴。It is difficult to drive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)在山里开车很困难。2）作宾语 后接不定式作宾语的及物动词多是表示“意愿”、“企图”等的动词，如：hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try，promise, refuse
10、.I want to talk with her.我想和她谈谈。She has decided to go.她已决定要走。 在feel, find, think, consider, made等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，而补语是形容词，则通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语即不定式移至形容词之后。如：I find it impossible to forget her.我发现忘掉她是不可能的。He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他认为带把伞是必要的。3）作表语Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成为一名教师。Yo
11、ur duty is to clean the classroom.你的任务是打扫教室。4）作宾语补足语He wants me to come earlier.他想要我来得更早些。The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他们转过身。5）作目的状语：She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打开窗子好让新鲜空气进来I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那儿看她了。6）作结果状语： He is too tired to go any further.他太累
12、了，不能再走了。 He is not old enough to join the army.他年龄太小，不能参军。7）作原因状语：不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词之后，可以表示引起这些情感的原因。 Im sorry to trouble you.真抱歉给你带来麻烦。 Im glad to see you.见到你真高兴。二、巩固练习一、单项选择1. He had his lunch already. A. will B. would C. has D. have2. Mary speak English before she left for England. A. can B. wa
13、s able to C. could D. had been able to3. I your help. I can do it myself. A. neednt B. dont need to C. need D. dont need4. some more tea now? A. Do you like B. Will you like C. Would you like D. Should you like5. you the book to the library?Yes, I borrowed another one a moment ago. A. Do, return B.
14、Are, returning C. Will, returnD. Have, returned6. Dont go to see him. He changed his mind A. is B. was C. will D. has7. How many times your uncle been to Beijing? Twice. A. has B. have C. does D. did8. My boy, you talk to your father like that. A. wont B. hasnt to C. shouldnt D. has to9. give me a cup of water, Mary? A. Shall you please B. Will you pl
