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1、动词不定式作宾语补足语的八种类型2014-04-08动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语,高中范围内,常用的“动词+宾语+不定式”的句子结构中。不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型:(下列句子中划线部分作宾语补足语)一、许多动词可跟一个宾语 + to do构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语;否定形式为“动词+宾语+not to do”。例如:My boss told me to type out two letters.分析:句中“My boss”做主语,“told”作谓语,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。They forbade her to leave the coun
2、try.Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+(not)to do”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,re-quest,require,teach,tell,want,warn等。二、有些动词可跟“宾语+to be”构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:I consider him to be the
3、best candidate.分析:句中“I”做主语,“consider”作谓语,“him”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。I know him to be a liar.I suppose him to be away from home.高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+to be”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:consider,declare,discover,feel,find,suppose等。三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:He saw her enter the room.分析:句中“He”做主语,
4、“saw”作谓语,“her”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。She wont let me do it.I heard her lock the door.We watched the children play games.高中范围内,适用于“动词+宾语+do”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch等。还有两个词组:listen to,look at.注意:这类句子变为被动结构时,不定式前加to。请看下列句子,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。例如:A child was seen to en
5、ter the building.She was often heard to sing this song.四、help后的不定式可加to,也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多),但被动结构中要加to。例如:Ill help you(to) push the cart.分析:句中“I”做主语,“will help”作谓语,“you”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。上句的被动语态为:Youll be helped to push the cart.五、有些“动词+介词”的结构后也可跟不定式构成句子,句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如:He shouted to me to come over.分析:句
6、中“He”做主语,“shouted”作谓语,“to”为介词,“me”作宾语,划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子,句子的结构为“动词+介词+宾语+to do”,划线部分为不定式,作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。I depend on you to do it.I am counting on you to help me through.高中范围内,适用于“动词+介词+宾语+to do”的结构,不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:shout to sb.to do,call on sb. to do,count on sb. to do,depend on sb. to do,wait for sb. t
7、o do等。六、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生,就需要用完成形式:He was known to have worked for the International Olympic Committee.分析:句中“He”做主语,“was known”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由句意可知,“为国际奥委会工作”发生在前,“大家知道”发生在后。故不定式部分用完成形式,在句中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。They are believed to have discussed the problem.七、作宾语补足语的不定式,表示一个正在进行的动作时需用进行形式:He is be
8、lieved to be living in Mexico.分析:句中“He”做主语,“isbelieved”作谓语,使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况,故用不定式的进行形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。Thousands were reported to be working in concentration camps.He is thought to be hiding in the woods.间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进行时。例如:She is said to have been doing this work for twenty years.八
9、、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式:he didnt want her son to be taken away.分析:句中“She”做主语,“didnt want”作谓语,“her son”作宾语,由于“her son”与“take away”之间为被动关系,故用被动形式,句中划线部分作宾语补足语。请看下列句子。Id like this room to be redecorated.He didnt wish the subject to be mentioned in the letter.116. Soon they saw the boy _ in the crowd.A. disappe
10、arB. to disappearC. disappearsD. disappeared117. Did you notice the little boy _ away?A. took the candy and runB. take the candy and runC. taking the candy and runD. who taking the candy running118. I heard him _ so.A. saysB. sayingC.sayD. said119. Shall we go and listen to the reviewers _ on the ne
11、w film?A. to commentB. commentC. commentingD. being comment120. Professor Black had us _ compositions every Friday.A. to writeB. writtenC. writeD. writing121. Mrs Smith made her pupils _ the text three times a week.A. reciteB. recitedC. recitingD. to recite122. Will you _ me _ out this problem mysel
12、f?A. permit, workingB. let, workC. allowed, to workD. forbid, to work123. She was seen _ model ships in the room.A. madeB. to makeC. makesD. make124. Birds are seldom heard _ at night.A. singB. singingC. to singD. to be singing125. The airplane was noticed _ at six.A. take offB. to take offC. get of
13、fD. to get off126. Mr Crossett was made _ his teaching because of his poor health and old age.A. give upB. give inC.to give upD. to give in127. The book is said _ into many foreign languages.A. to have been translatedB. to have translatedC. to be translatingD. having been translated128. The Marquis
14、was thought _ some terrible wrongs to his tenants.A. of doing B. that he had doneC. to have doneD. to have been done129. The teacher asked him _.A. to repeat the sentence againB. repeat the sentenceC. he would repeat the sentence once moreD. to repeat the sentence130. The doctor advised Lao Li _ more rest.A. that he get B. to get