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1、专题四各具特色的句法简单句、并列句、三大从句及特殊句式第一讲简单句和并列句 思维导图一、简单句简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。1主语谓语(不及物动词)Whats worse，I dont communicate well in my family.更糟糕的是，在家庭中我不善交流。And I can play outside too!我也可以在外面玩！2主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当。I plan to find a parttime job in a fo
2、reign capital company.我计划在一家外资公司里找一份兼职。3主语系动词表语(1)本句型中的连系动词以be为最多。此外还有少数其他的连系动词，如appear，become，get，grow，look，prove，remain等。(2)表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。Tang Poetry is what we are going to learn the next class，scheduled on July 20 in the school library.唐诗是我们下一节课将要学习的内容，定于7月20日在学校图书馆进行。This is surel
3、y a good chance for more people to see them.对于更多的人来说这确实是观看它们的一次好机会。The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.我们报纸的“外国文化”栏目非常受我们学生的欢迎。4主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语(1)该句式中表示人的是间接宾语，表示物的是直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。如果将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，则需借助介词to或for。(2)要跟双宾语的动词有：ask，bring，buy，cost，fe
4、tch，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，pay，read，return，save，sell，send，show，take，teach，tell，write等。That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.那确实给了我们一种极大的成就感。Now，on behalf of my schoolmates，I wish you a safe return.现在，我代表全校同学，祝你们一路平安。5主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语(1)宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。(2)作宾语补足语的主要是名词、形容词、不
5、定式和分词，副词和介词短语等也可以用作宾语补足语。要跟名词或形容词作宾语补足语的及物动词有：call，consider，choose，elect，feel，find，get，keep，make，name，paint，push，set，suppose，think，turn等。动词不定式作宾语补足语的三种情况要跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词有：ask，expect，force，get，order，permit，persuade，tell，want，warn等。要跟不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有have，make，let，listen to，hear，notice，see，watch，fee
6、l动词help后作宾补的不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。I would like you to join our schools table tennis team.我想让你加入我们学校的乒乓球队。Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献将会使得这次活动获得巨大成功。In fact，he inspires me to major in English in college.事实上，他鼓励我在大学主修英语。二、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短
7、语)连在一起。1.转折/对比连词(but，while)It often rains in the south，while it seldom rains in the north.在南方经常下雨，然而在北方很少下雨。2递进顺承连词(and，not only.but (also)，neither.nor，both.and，not.but.)Not only did he speak more correctly，but (also) he spoke more easily.他不仅说得更正确，而且说得更轻松。3选择连词(or，either.or) Would you like to leave
8、or would you like to stay?你是想走还是想留？4因果连词(for，so)He must have been caught in the rain，for he is wet all over.他一定淋雨了，因为他全身都湿了。5一些固定句式(1)when可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and this/that time。常用于下列句式：be about to do sth when.正要做某事，这时突然be on the point of doing sth when. 正要做某事，这时突然be doing sth when. 正在做某事，这时突然had do
9、ne sth when. 刚做了某事，这时突然He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。(2)“祈使句and/or陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。Register in WeChat，and you will be able to get in touch with the friends whom you havent seen for a long time.在微信上注册后，你就能与很久没见面的朋友取得联系了。单句语法填空1It was time for her to
10、 have a new baby，_ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.(2016四川高考)答案and根据语境可知，“It was time for.”和“it was also time for.”之间是并列关系，故用and连接。2One day，the cow was eating grass_it began to rain heavily.(广东高考)答案whenbe doing sth when.“正在做某事，这时突然”。3But the river wasnt changed in a few days _
11、 even a few months.(新课标全国卷)答案or“a few days”和“a few months”之间为选择关系，因此要用or连接。4We were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，_for the week after.(广东高考)答案butnot.but.为固定结构，表示“不是而是”。.单句语法填空1I was just going to have a swim when I noticed a strange object in the sea.(2019宁波模拟)2Smile at life，
12、and it will shine on you.(2019绍兴模拟)3It is easy to make a decision，but_hard to stick to it.(2019镇海中学模拟)4The other day I was doing some grocery shopping when/and a man walked toward a group of us at the checkout stand.(2019台州模拟)5We may not be able to recall the things we have heard or seen, but_they a
13、re all kept there in the storehouse of the human mind.(2019衢州模拟)6Mr.Lee says slower runners，and those who only ran once or twice a week，were helped nearly as much as those who ran faster and further.(2019舟山中学模拟)7Some of us let these dreams die，while/but_others protect them and take care of them thro
14、ugh bad days until they bring them to the sunshine and light which comes always to those who sincerely hope that their dreams will come true.(2019丽水模拟)8The short road，the easy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school of life.(2019学军中学模拟)9Then we are really old，when we cannot move a
15、ny longer，we can be proud of our achievements that we have ever experienced in happiness and we can say we have no regret in our lives.(2019台州模拟)10The novel is remarkable not only for its huge cast of characters and psychological scope，but also for its precise and detailed observation of the life and social structures of 18thcentury Chinese society.(2019浙江师大附中模拟).语法填空(2019镇海中学模拟)Harvard is older than the United States.In the early 1630s s
