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1、高一英语Book 2 语法复习人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Book 2 语法复习学习内容一、被动语态小结：（一）何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如：Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 如：Calculator cant be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn
2、t be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3. 为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，以使句子得到更好的安排。 如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. （二）被动语态的构成 1. be + done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中
3、done相当于adj. 不带 by短语。 如：The question is settled. (系表结构) Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态) The composition is well written. (系表结构) The composition is written with great care . (被动语态) The job was well done. (系表结构) The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态) 2. 许多verbs(broken, interested, s
4、hut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。 如：I was worried about you all night. (表状态) I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作) The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作) The glass is broken. (表状态) I was frightened by his ghost story. She was frightened at the sight of a snake. （三）不同形式的被动
5、语态 1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。 如：He showed me his pictures. I was shown his pictures by him. His pictures were shown to me by him. Aunt made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by aunt. A new dress was made for me by aunt. He sent me a birthday present. I was sen
6、t a birthday present by him. A birthday present was sent to me by him. 2. 含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。 （1）将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。 如：They call her Xiaoli.She is called Xiaoli. He left the door open.The door was left open by him. （2）make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice. Help等动词后作宾补的不定式一般不加to，变为被动，必须加to. 如：My bro
7、ther often made me do this and that when I was young. I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young. I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. She was heard to move about in her room upstairs last night. Did you see Jack take away the magazine? Was Jack seen to take a
8、way the magazine? 3. 情态动词的被动语态是由情态v.+ be+ p.p.构成 如：They can not find him. He can not be found. You must pay me for this. I must be paid for this. He can repair your watch. Your watch can be repaired. 4. 短语的被动语态 一般来讲，只有及物才有被动语态，因为只有vt.才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短
9、语是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep.或adv.这样的短语有：look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of, etc. 如：They had put out the fire before the fire-brigade arrived. The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived. They will set up a new public school h
10、ere. A new public school will be set up here. 5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。 如：The goods sells well. The door cant open. 6. 有些词如want, need, require和 be worth后面，v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。 如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning. The book is worth reading. 7. 主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it. 如：We know that Britain is an islan
11、d country. Its known that Britain is an island country. The teacher said that this book has been translated into several languages Its said that this book has been translated into several languages 8. 宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词it时，不用被动，只用主动。 如：I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang. 9. 谓语以
12、下是动词时，无被动。 happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall, last（延长）,cost（花费） break out（爆发）appear, burst out(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agree with（同意）. 10. 据说类动词：say, consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc. 如：It is said that There is said to be sth./ sb. is said to
13、 11. 主动形式表被动 感官动词：sound, taste, smell, feel, look, seem等主语是物时； 一些vi.主动形式表被动含义: open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc. 不定式to blame, to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义 表需要的need ,want, require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义 be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义考
14、一考1. Months ago we sailed ten thousands across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms.(05辽宁)A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 解析：答案是B。用一般现在时的被动语态表示客观存在。2. In the last few years a few more bridges _ in our city.A. put upB. were put up C. have been put
15、upD. have put up解析：答案是C AD两项都是主动语态，不合要求，先排除。时间状语in /during the last/past few/thirty years常用现在完成时。故选C。二、定语从句（一）定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。（二）定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。（三）定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从
