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1、摘 要神华煤制油项目是世界上首个建设的工业化项目，工程分为先期和一期，总建设规模为年生产油品500万t，自2004年8月先期工程开工建设，到2009年一期工程第一条生产线基本完成，并计划于2009年5月正式投产。本文对神华煤直接液化工艺项目进行了综合评价，主要分为3个部分，包括经济分析、技术分析和环境分析。同时，本文还介绍了煤直接液化的工艺流程，重点介绍了煤制油工艺的特殊的单元，例如：煤液化单元，煤制氢单元，T-star工艺单元。 经济分析部分，采用技术经济学的知识，计算了项目的总投资、总成本、项目销售收入和税金以及现金流量。计算出了项目的内部收益率为13.13%，全投资的回收期为7.73年，
2、大于石油化工项目的平均内部收益率10%。从经济方面，神华煤制油项目是有优势的。 技术分析部分，主要从煤直接液化工艺的技术方案，工程放大和项目的建设进行了研究。重点分析了液化工艺核心技术采用美国的HTI工艺，液化工艺的催化剂制备单元采用新型高效“863”合成催化剂，液化工艺煤制氢单元采用Shell粉煤加压气化工艺等先进的技术。神华煤制油项目在产品分离、加氢改质、空分、水处理方面都采用了先进的技术。同时项目的工程放大和项目的建设都保证了神华煤制油项目的有条不紊的建设。 环境分析部分，重点研究了神华项目污水和液化残渣的利用。对这两部分分别提出了建议意见。 最后，本文对神华项目提出了发展建议，提出了神
3、华项目要加大自主技术研究，完善绿化方案，建立水库储备水源，研究煤、电和化工的结合。关键词：煤制油；直接液化；综合评价 AbstractShenhua coal to oil was the first industrialization project on construction in the world, which was divided into two stages,including the early one and the first one.the gross of project is five million tons/year in petroleum product
4、. The early stage started to be constructed since August, 2004, the first stage will be finshed in 2009, and plan to put into production in may.The comprehensive evaluation of the project in direct liquefaction process on shenhua coal was studied in this paper, which mainly was divided into three pa
5、rts, including the economic analysis, technical analysis and environmental analysis. At the same time, this paper also introduced the process flow in coal liquefaction, major introduced special unit of coal to oil, for example: coal liquefaction unit, hydrogen unit, T-star process unit.Economic anal
6、ysis, using knowledge of technical economics, the project total investment, total cost, project sales income and tax and cash flow were calculated,then the internal rate of return and investment recoupment period of project were 13.13% and 7.73 years respectively.The internal rate of return was more
7、 than the one for petrochemical industry which was 10%. From the economic aspect, the project was profitable.Technical analysis, mainly studied from coal direct liquefaction technical scheme, engineering enlargement and project construction. The core technology liquefaction process - HTI process emp
8、loying the America technology, catalyst preparation process - using new efficient 863 synthesis catalyst, coal liquefaction process for hydrogen production unit by adding pressurized gasification - employing Shell advanced pressurized gasification technology were emphatically analyzed. Shenhua coal
9、to oil project in product separation unit, hydrogenation modification uint,air separation unitand water treatment were adopted advanced technology. Meanwhile the engineering and construction of the project also guaranteed the system of shenhua coal to oil on construction orderly.Environmental analys
10、is, mainly studied sewage and liquefaction residues in the project. The Suggestions were put forward for this project.Finally, this paper gave the advices for shenhua program, consisting of strengthening technology study, establishing reservoir, completing green program and studying electricity, wat
11、er, chemical combination.Key Words： coal to oil; direct liquefaction; comprehensive evaluation - VII -目 录摘 要IAbstractII目 录IV第1章 前 言1第2章 文献综述32.1煤直接液化技术概论32.1.1煤直接液化的基本原理32.1.2煤直接液化工艺介绍32.1.3煤直接液化技术的发展52.1.4煤炭直接液化典型工艺62.2国外煤液化项目发展情况92.2.1美国、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰、和菲律宾的情况92.3神华项目简介122.3.1项目背景介绍122.3.2神华煤直接项目介绍13
12、2.3.3项目进展142.3.4 神华集团发展煤直接液化的优势162.4小结17第3章 神华煤直接液化工艺流程183.1总加工流程183.1.1先期总加工流程简介183.1.2一期总加工流程简介203.2煤直接液化工艺特点223.2.1采用悬浮床反应器，处理能力大，效率高223.2.2催化剂制备单元243.2.2采用T-star工艺对液化粗油进行精制243.2.3加氢改质单元253.2.4重整抽提单元263.2.5异构化单元263.2.6煤制氢单元273.2.7空分装置283.2.8自备电站283.2.9水处理装置293.3小结29第4章 煤直接液化工艺经济分析304.1投资估算与资金筹措30
13、4.1.1建设投资与流动资金估算304.1.2资金筹措及用使用计划334.1.3总投资344.2总成本费用估算344.2.1炼油总成本的构成344.2.2生产成本354.2.3管理费用384.2.4财务费用384.2.5销售费用费用384.2.6合计394.3销售收入与税金计算394.3.1销售收入394.3.2流转税及附加计算404.4现金流量计算424.4.1计算依据424.4.2相关指标计算及其结果424.5其它指标计算434.6各种经济指标汇总444.6小结45第5章 煤直接液化技术研究465.1神华采用的技术方案465.1.1最核心工艺的选择475.1.2煤直接用煤的洗选495.1.
14、3煤直接液化反应器的制造505.1.4煤直接液化催化剂515.1.5煤直接液化制氢单元525.1.6煤直接液化空分装置525.1.7煤直接液化自备电站525.1.7煤直接液化控制系统535.1.8煤直接液化固液分离系统535.1.9煤直接液化固液供氢溶剂535.1.10煤直接液化T-star工艺535.2神华项目工程放大研究545.3神华项目建设研究545.4小结55第6章 煤直接液化环境分析566.1神华煤直接液化污水回用566.1.1神东矿区污水回用分析566.1.2神华项目供水、污水回用方案576.1.3分析结论586.2煤直接液化残渣利用586.2.1干馏焦化596.2.2燃烧发电59
15、6.2.3气化606.2.4分析结果60第7章 神华煤直接液化项目发展建议617.1项目的发展前景617.1.1国家政策617.1.2我国的能源结构617.1.3神华集团的实力627.2项目的发展建议627.2.1优化技术方案，掌握核心技术627.2.2建立完善的绿化方案637.2.3建立水库储备水量637.2.4 研究项目煤、电和化工的结合63第8章 结论与建议65参考文献67附图72附表73第1章 前 言第1章 前 言能源和环境是当今我国面临的两大严峻问题，如何在保护环境的条件下，合理高效的使用能源是大家共同关心的话题。我国总的能源特征是“富煤、贫油、少气”，煤炭在我国石化能源总储量中居于首位，高达90%，而石油和天然气储量总共不到10%。目前，在我国总的能源消费结构中1，煤炭的消耗约占72.9%、油占22.5%、其他能源总共只占4.6%。而且，在未来相当长的时间内
