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1、11类翻译主题词汇一、中国历史四大文明古国one of the four ancient civilizations人类文明史the history of human civilization源远流长/历史悠久to have a long history; with a long history朝代dynasty古都 ancient capital随着时间的推移 as time goes by远古时代ancient times原始社会primitive society春秋时代 the Spring and Autumn Period战国 the Warring States封建社会 feuda
2、l society皇帝、君主emperor, monarch历史遗留问题a question left over from history/the past在战争中损毁 to be ruined in wars抵抗侵略 to resist the invasion五四运动 the May 4th Movement of 1919在.世纪初at the beginning of.century迄今为止up till now追溯到 to date/trace back to来源于 to derive/stem from; to originate from/in发源地 birthplace兴起于.
3、, 兴盛于.to emerge in. and prosper in.保存最完好的best-preserved原址original site国家博物馆national museum皇帝统治时期a period of emperor reign诸侯国kingdom勤政爱民to be diligent and love ones people退位 to give up the throne帝王宫殿imperial palace以.命名to be named after历史人物history figure阳历 solar calendar阴历 lunar calendar天干 heavenly st
4、em地支earthly branch闰年 leap year二、中国文化概述重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts文化产业 culture industry文化底蕴cultural deposit文化事业cultural undertaking文化交流 cultural exchange文化冲击 cultural shock文化差异 cultural difference独特的艺术价值 unique artistic values诚实守信honesty爱国主义精神 patriotism国宝 national trea
5、sure文物 cultural relics华夏祖先the Chinese ancestors中华民族the Chinese nation传统美德 traditional virtues文人 men of letter雅士 refined scholar才子佳人 gifted scholars and beautiful ladies高雅艺术refined /high art中外学者 Chinese and overseas scholars古为今用to make the past serve the present洋为中用to make the foreign serve China无愧于时
6、代的作品 works worthy of the times文明摇篮 cradle of civilization古文明 ancient civilization博大精深 to be extensive and profound享有.的声誉 to enjoy a good/high reputation for被誉为.to be honored/crowned as占重要地位to play a significant role; to have/occupy a significant place肩负.的责任 to shoulder the responsibility of.与.密不可分to
7、 be closely associated with.最广中国文化 to promote Chinese culture促进世界和平 to promote would peace增进友谊 to enhance friendship文化娱乐活动 cultural and amusement activities民族特性和价值观 national identity and value在各地差异很大to vary widely from region/place to region/place促进文化的传播 to promote the spread of culture促进交流 to promo
8、te exchanges蓬勃发展 to flourish丰富多彩 to be rich and colorful风俗习惯 custom禁忌 taboo尊敬老人 to respect the elderly赡养老人 to support/take care of parents继承 to inherit后人later generation强身健体 to improve the physical health; to strengthen the body益寿延年 to prolong life保佑平安 to keep sb. Safe象征意义 symbolic meaning象征好运和祝福 to
9、 symbolize good luck and blessings审美观/品味 taste for beauty; aesthetic taste三、中国传统文化中医药 traditional Chinese medicine中草药 herbal medicine望、闻、问、切 observing, listening, inquiring, pulse taking症状 symptom重大发明 a significant invention中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China火药 gunpowder印刷术 paper-mak
10、ing指南针the compass文房四宝 the Four Treasures of the Study笔、墨、纸、砚brush, ink stick, ink stone汉字 Chinese character笔划 stroke普通话四声调the four tones of Mandarin Chinese书法calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting水墨画 Chinese brush painting; ink wash painting 武术martial arts中国功夫Kung Fu太极 Tai Chia孔子 Confucius孟子Men
11、cius思想学派school of thought思想核心 the core of ideology代表人物 representative儒家思想 Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture和尚、僧人monk寺庙temple伊斯兰教 Islam清真寺mosque宗教 religion建筑 architecture钟楼bell tower牌坊 memorial archway兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses丝绸之路 the Silk Road故宫 the Imperial Palace天坛the Temple of Heaven民间故
12、事 folk tale寓言 fable传说 legend凡间human world京剧 Peking Opera脸谱 mask正面角色 positive role木偶戏 puppet show皮影戏 shadow play杂技 acrobatics相声 cross-talk说、学、逗、唱speaking, imitating, teasing and singing说书 story-telling传统工艺品 traditional handicraft形状不一 to be of different shapes材质各异 various material质地坚硬 hard texture造型生动
13、 vivid figure色彩丰富 rich colors风格独特 characteristic/unique style刺绣 embroidery泥人clay figure瓷器 porcelain；china陶器 pottery; earthenware青铜器 bronze ware雕刻 to carve图章 seal四、中国传统节日春节 the Spring Festival /Chinese New Year除夕 Chinese New Years Eve年夜饭 annual reunion dinner拜年 to pay a new year call探亲访友to (pay a) vi
14、sit to relative and friends亲朋好友 relatives and friends大扫除 to thoroughly clean the house驱厄运to sweep away ill fortune; to get rid of bad luck去除灾难 to ward off evils发红包 to give money in red envelopes; to hand out red envelopes欢度. The celebration of.; to celebrate春联 spring couples庙会 temple fair民间艺人 folk a
15、rtists祭神 god-worshiping炮竹，烟火 firecracker; firework(s)年画 (traditional) new year picture压岁钱 new years gift-money元宵节 the Lantern Festival清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day端午节 the Dragon Boat Festival中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day/ Festival重阳节 the Double-ninth Day七夕节 the Double-seventh Day舞龙 dragon dance花灯 festival lantern灯谜 lantern riddle有益的智力活动 beneficial intellec
