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1、AttributiveClause 在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句 定语从句的作用相当于形容词 用来修饰主句中的某一名词 代词或整个主句 被定语修饰的词叫先行词 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种 who指人 在定语从句中作主语或宾语 whom指人 在定语从句中作宾语 whose可指人也可指物 在定语从句中作定语 that可指人或物 在从句中作主语或宾语 which指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 which引导的非限制性定语从句可修饰整个主句 as可指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 也可引导非限制性定语从句 修饰整个主
2、句 关系代词 典型错误 Thankyoufortherecordthatyougaveittome Thankyoufortherecordthatyougaveme 无论是关系代词还是关系副词 都在定语从句中取代了先行词 因此 先行词在定语从句中不复出现 两种定语从句在意义上的区别 Intheirclassesthereare15studentswhocanspeakEnglishwell Intheirclassesthereare15students whocanspeakEnglishwell ShehastwosonswhoareP L A men Shehastwosons who
3、areP L A men 不止 个学生 只有 个学生 不止两个 其余的可能不当兵 只有两个 都是解放军 先行词是one anyone those he时宜用who Anyonewhobreaksthelawshallbepunished Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhandsplease 在非限制性定语从句中Hismother wholoveshimverymuch isstrictwithhim 一 只用who的情况 当先行词与定语从句被其他词所分隔时Imetaforeignerinthestreetyesterdaywhocouldaskmeques
4、tionsinChinese 在therebe开头的句子中Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou 一句中有两个定语从句 前一个定语从句的关系词是that 另一个只用who Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard 二 只用that的情况 当先行词是everything anything nothing all none few little 或当先行词被every any some no little few much等词修饰时 Isthereanyquestionthattroublesyo
5、umuch 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级 theonly thevery thelast等词修饰时 Isthisthefirsttimethatyouhavecometoourcity Limingistheonlyonethatgotfullmarksinourclass 当先行词是由人和物构成的名词词组时 Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout 主句是以who which开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词who时 Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday 5 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時
6、Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe 6 注意 that只能用在限制性定语从句中 非限制性定语从句中永远不用that 介词后也不能跟that 三 whose的使用 whose通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中作定语 后面要紧跟被修饰的名词 Therearesomepeoplewhosefacesyoucanneverforget Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackbecauseofthepollutedair thefacesofwhom theleavesofwhich 四 只用which的情况 非限制性定语从句中只用w
7、hich 不用that Beijing whichisthecapitalofChina isaverybeautifulcity 关系代词紧跟在介词或介词短语之后 只能用which或whom 不能用that Thisisthehotelinwhichyouwillstay Thisisthehotelwhich thatyouwillstayin Tips 1 关系代词在从句中作宾语时 关系代词可省略 eg Thisisthehouse Ivisited 2 what不能引导定语从句 且what allthatIwilldoallthatIcantohelpyou IwilldowhatIc
8、antohelpyou which that 不用 3 oneof pl n 关系代词 动词复数the only oneof pl n 关系代词 单数动词TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld famousbuildings draw lotsofvisitors Titanicistheonlyoneofthemostwonderfulmovies havebe producedinHollywood that draw that hasbeen Exercise1 1 Icanstillrememberthesittingroomin mymotherandIusedtos
9、itintheevening 2 Achild parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan 3 Finallythethiefhandedeverything hehadstolentothepolice 4 Wevisitedafactory makestoysforchildren 5 Theman youjusttalkedtowasafriendofmine which whose that that which who m that 作 的宾语 6 Pleasepassmethedictionary coverisblack 7 Mr Whiteisoneofthe
10、foreignexperts areworkinginChina 8 Isthisthemuseum youvisitedtheotherday 9 Thisistheworkerwith myfatherworked 10 Togetthejobstarted all Ineedisyourpermission whose who that that which whom that Exercise1 1 Isthisthefactory youhavebeentolastyear A whichB inwhichC whereD theone2 Isthisfactory youhaveb
11、eentolastyear A whichB inwhichC whereD theone3 IsMr Smiththeperson youknowthis A thatB whomC fromwhomD bywhom4 Iattendedthemeetingtheimportance Ididnotrealizeatthattime A whoB ofwhichC whichD its A D C B 5 What sthat flashedintheskyjustnow A whichB thatC whoD as6 Thisbookis I mlookingfor A thatB wha
12、tC whichD one7 Thisisthemostinterestingone Ihaveeverread A whichB thatC ofwhichD inthat8 Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose intheforest A oncetheygrewB theygrewonceC thatoncegrewD oncegrew A B B C 关系副词的用法 that which和when Doyourememberthedayswhenwefirstspenttogether Doyouremembertheda
13、yswhich thatwefirstspenttogether 析 先行词是表示时间的名词 定语从句的引导词是用关系代词 that which 还是关系副词 when 取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语 宾语还是时间状语 在这句中先行词theday在定语从句中作spent的宾语 因此要用that which that which与where I llneverforgettheschoolwherewevisitedlastSunday I llneverforgettheschool that which wevisitedlastSunday 析 先行词是表示地点的名词 定语从句的引导词是用
14、关系代词 that which 还是关系副词 where 取决于该先行词在从句中充当主语 宾语还是地点状语 在这句中先行词theschool在定语从句中作visited的宾语 因此要用that which that which与why Tellmethereason youarelate Isthisthereason hetoldyou why that 先行词是reason时 定语从句的引导词是关系代词that which还是关系副词why 取决于该先行词在从句中的成分 句 中reason在从句中作原因状语 句 中reason在从句中作tell的宾语 介词 关系代词 介词的选择 一般介词与
15、定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配 ThepersontowhomIspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在动词的后面 因此不能使用 介词 关系代词 结构 如 lookfor lookafter takecareof Isthisthewatchwhichhewaslookingfor Isthisthewatchforwhichhewaslooking Exercises2 1 Doyoustillremembertheday wefirstcametoTibet A whichB thatC whenD wh
16、ere2 Isthisthecompany allemployeesaretreatedwell A thatB whichC inthatD where3 ThissummerI llreturntothesmallvillage Igrewup A whichB whereC thatD when4 Isthatthereason youhadafewdaysoff A whyB whenC whatD where C D B A 5 Thedoctorsandnursesdidall theycouldtohelpthose wereinfectedwithSARS A which whichB that whyC that whoD what who6 Istherearestaurantaround wecanhavesomethingtoeat A whereB thatC whatD why7 Wecametotheplace theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore A towhereB towhichC thatD when8 Heoftenhelps
