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1、阅读理解+七选五.阅读理解A(2018陕西西安地区八校联考)Babbage,borninLondonin1791,wasagreatmathematicalgenius.Hewasanaturalinventor.Whenhefinishedschool,hewenttostudymathematicsatCambridgeUniversity.Later,hegotajobteachingattheuniversity.Whileworkingthere,hedesignedhis“firstdifferenceengine”Thiswas,basically,ahandoperatedme
2、chanicalcalculator.Hetooknineyearstobuildapartofthemachine.Thismachinecanmakecomplexmathematicalcalculations.Itsabasicmechanicalcomputer.Babbagedreamed,however,ofmorecomplicatedmachines.Infact,hedidntonlydream; hebegantodesignthem.Theresultwasaseriesof“analyticalengines”whichwereinfactpowerfulcomput
3、ers!Hisdesignscontainedprocessors,controlunits,amemoryandaninput/outputsystem.Thesearethefouressentialpartsofamodernmathematicalcomputer!Alas! His“seconddifferenceengine”couldntuseelectricitysincethishadntyetbecomeausablesourceofpower,soBabbagehadtomakedowithmechanicalsystems.Forthisreason,themachin
4、ewasbig,complicatedandexpensive.ThoughBabbageproducedcompleteplansforthemachine,hecouldntbuildit.Itwastooadvancedforitsage!Itwasnotuntilalmost160yearslaterthatBabbages“seconddifferenceengine”wasfinallymanufactured.ThefirstworkingversionofthismachinewasbuiltbytheScienceMuseuminLondon,fortheBabbagebic
5、entenaryin1991.AsecondmachinewasthenbuiltforanAmericanhightechmillionaire,whoputitintheComputerHistoryMuseum,inCalifornia.Babbagesanalyticalengineswouldhaveused“programs”likethoseusedinthetextile(纺织) industrytomakecomplicatedpatterns,buttheywereneverbuilt.Thisbrilliantmathematicianreallywastoofarahe
6、adofhistime!1WheredidBabbageplanhis“firstdifferenceengine”?AInLondon.BAthighschool.CAtCambridge.DInScienceMuseum.2Whatdoweknowabouthis“seconddifferenceengine”?AIttookhimnineyearstobuildit.BItwasfaraheadofitstime.CItsdesigncameoutinhisdreams.DItspowersourcewaselectricity.3The“seconddifferenceengine”w
7、asbuilttoworkin1991.AforanAmericanmillionaireBinmemoryofBabbageCtotestitsabilitytouseelectricityDfortextileindustrytomakepatterns4Whatcanweinferfromthetext?ABabbagesenginesdidntrunonprograms.BTextilepatternsareproducedwithprograms.CBabbagecanbeseenasthefatherofcomputers.DBabbagesanalyticalengineswer
8、eneverbuilt.BWithgoldensunshineandagentlebreeze,autumnisthemostbeautifulseasonintheyear.Thisisagreattimetogooutsideandhavefun.Gotoavalleytoseeredmapletrees,goandpickfruitinanorchardorfindanopenfieldtoflyyourkitein.However,formanyhighschoolstudents,thesegreatactivitiesmaybejustadream.Withplentyofwork
9、todo,theyspendalltheirhoursindoors,strugglingforahighmarkintheirexams.Ofcourse,studyisoneofthemostimportantthingsforteenagers.Butlifeisdefinitelymuchmorethanthat.Sometimeswespendsomuchtimestudyingthatweforgethowtomakelifewonderful.Indoingso,welosetherealpurposeoflifetobeavaluableandhappyperson.Toenj
10、oyjusthowgreatitistobealive,wehavetoputdownourbooksandpensandlookaroundus.Students,takesomeexercisetoimproveyourhealth,talkwithyourparentsandfriendsforunderstandingandwalkaroundoutsidetorefreshyourbodyandmind.Goingoutandenjoyingthebeautifulcountrysideoftenhelpsourcreativityinourwork.Chinesecraftsman
11、,LuBan,createdasawtohelpwoodworkers.Butifhehadntwalkedoutside,hewouldnothavebeeninspiredbyakindoftoothedgrass.WecouldalsosupposethatifNewtonhadntrestedunderthatappletree,thenhewouldnthavebeenhitbyanapple,andhisclassictheorieswouldnothavecomeout.Goingoutisnotonlyabreakfromhardwork,butachancetoaddtoli
12、feexperience.Socomeon,giveyourbrainagoodrest.Stepoutofthebooksandgetyourbagreadyforanautumnouting.Wearesureyouwillgetmuchmorethanknowledgefromtheexcitingjourney.5Inwhichparagraphdoesthewritermakeasummaryabouthisopinion?AParagraph1.BParagraph2.CParagraph5.DParagraph4.6Whyisgoingoutadreamformanyhighsc
13、hoolstudents?ATheyareunhappytodoso.BTheirparentsdontallowthemtodoso.CTheythinkstudyisthemostimportantthingforthem.DTheyhavetoomuchworktodoforgettinghighmarksintheexams.7Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby.AmakingpredictionsBreasoningandgivingexamplesCdescribingthebeautifulsceneryinautumnDpointingoutthepre
14、sentsituationofhighschoolstudents8Whatmessagecanyougetfromthepassage?ANatureispower.BAllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.CTheauthorisnthappywithoureducationatall.DGoingoutcanmakehighschoolstudentsgetmore.CWhileJenniferwasathometakinganonlineexamforherbusinesslawclass,amonitorafewhundredmilesawaywaswat
15、chinghereverymove.UsingawebcameraequippedinJennifersLosAngelesapartment,themonitorinPhoenixtrackedhowfrequentlyhereyesmovedfromthecomputerscreenandlistenedforthesecretsoundsofapossiblehelperintheroom.HerInternetaccesswaslockedremotelytopreventInternetsearches,andhertypingstylewasanalyzedtomakesuresh
16、ewaswhoshesaidshewas:Didsheenterherstudentnumberatthesamespeedasshehadinthepast?Orwassheslowingdown?Inthebattleagainstcheating,thisisthecuttingedgeandakeytoencouragehonestyintheboomingfieldofonlineeducation.Thetechnologygivestrusttotheentiresystem,totheinstitutionandtoonlineeducationingeneral.Onlywithsolidmeasu