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1、Chapter 1 Information Technology, The Internet, and You 1 Competencies lCompetence 能力，胜任；足以过舒适生活的收入 lDistinguish between and 区分 lIdentify 确定，识别 直接+名词 lDescribe 描述 直接+名词 2 Competencies能力，要求 After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: 1.Explain the five parts of an information system: peo
2、ple, procedures, software, hardware, and data. 信息系统的五大组成部分：人，用户文档，软件，硬件和数据 2. Distinguish between system software and application software. 区分两大类软件：系统软件和应用软件 3. Discuss the three kinds of system software programs. 讨论系统软件程序的三种类型 4. Distinguish between basic and specialized application software. 认清通用应
3、用软件和特殊用途的应用软件 3 l5. Identify the four types of computers and the four types of microcomputers. 识别计算机的四种类型和四种微机类型 。 l6. Describe the different types of computer hardware including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices. 描述计算机硬件的不同种类包括：系统单元，输入，输出，存储和通信设备 。 l7. Define data a
4、nd describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files. 定义数据的概念，介绍文档文件，电子表单文件，数据库和演示文件类型 。 l8. Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, the Internet, smartphone, and cloud computing. 解释了计算机连接、无线革命、因特网、智能手机和云计算。 4 lKeyword P22 application software basic application Cloud com
5、puting communication device compact disc (CD) computer competency Connectivity Data database file desktop computer device driver digital versatile disc（DVD） digital video disc（DVD） 应用软件 基本应用软件 云计算 通信设备 光盘 计算机能力 连通性 数据 数据库文件 台式计算机 磁盘驱动程序 数字多用途光盘 数字多用途光盘 5 document file end user flash memory card hand
6、held computer hard disk Hardware High-definition (hi def ) disc Information information system information technology 文档文件 终端用户 闪存卡 手持计算机 硬盘 硬件 高清盘 信息 信息系统 信息技术 6 输入设备 因特网 键盘 手提电脑 大型机 内存 微型机 微处理器 中型机 小型计算机 调制解调器 监视器 input device Internet Keyboard laptop computer mainframe computer Memory Microcomput
7、er Microprocessor midrange computer Minicomputer Modem Monitor 7 Mouse netbook Network notebook computer operating system optical disk output device palm computer People personal digital assistant（PDA） presentation file primary storage Printer Procedures Program 鼠标 上网本 网络 笔记本电脑 操作系统 光盘 输出设备 掌上电脑 人 个
8、人数字助理 演示文稿 主存 打印机 规程 程序 8 随机存储器 辅存 平板电脑 智能手机 软件 固态硬盘 固态存储 专门应用软件 巨型机 系统软件 系统单元 平板电脑 传统平板电脑 盘 实用程序 网 无线革命 工作表 Random-access memory (RAM) secondary storage Slate computer smartphone software solid-state drive (SSD) solid-state storage specialized application supercomputer system software system unit t
9、ablet PC traditional tablet PC USB drive Utility Web wireless revolution worksheet file 9 Introduction Computer competency refers to acquiring computer- related skillsindispensable tools for today (P4). 当今，计算机能力是指获得计算机相关的不可或缺的技 能的一种工具。 lThey filled out computerized forms, took computerized tests, an
10、d paid computerized bills (P4). 他们填写电脑化的表格,做计算机化的测试,和支付电脑 化的账单。 10 1. Microcomputers are common tools in all areas of life. Writers write, artists draw, engineers and scientists calculateall on microcomputers. Students and businesspeople do all this, and more. 2. New forms of learning have developed
11、. People who are homebound, who work odd hours, or who travel frequently may take online courses. A college course need not fit within a quarter or a semester. 3. New ways to communicate, to find people with similar interests, and to buy goods are available. People use electronic mail, electronic co
12、mmerce, and the Internet to meet and to share ideas and products. 11 lYet this is what microcomputers are all aboutmaking people, end users like you, more productive (P5).（多产 的，fruitful） 这就是微型计算机，它使人们更加多产，效率更高。 lA program consists of （由构成，组成，composed of ）the step-by-step instructions that tell the c
13、omputer how to do its work (P6). 程序就是告诉计算机如何工作的一步步指令。 la payroll program would instruct the computer to take the number of hours you worked in a week (data) and multiply it by your pay rate (data) to determine how much you are paid for the week (information) (P6). 一个工资单程序就是指示计算机采取你在一个星期工作的小 时数(数据)乘以
14、你的工资率(数据)这样的方法来确定你一周 的工资 (信息)。 12 data: unprocessed facts， raw Information: processed facts Almost all of todays computer systems add an additional part to the information system. This part, called connectivity, typically uses the Internet and allows users to greatly expand the capability and useful
15、ness of their information systems (P6). 几乎现在所有的计算机系统都给信息系统增加了一个额外的部分。 这部分，称为计算机互联, 典型地使用因特网并且允许用户大大扩展 了信息系统的性能和用处。 13 lMany times the contact is direct and obvious, such as when we create documents using a word processing program or when we connect to the Internet. Other times, the contact is not as
16、 obvious (P6). 很多时候接触是直接和明显的,比如当我们使用文字处理程 序创建文档或当我们连接到互联网的时候。其他时候，接 触就不那么明显了。 14 Throughout this book you will find a variety of features designed to help you become computer competent and knowledgeable (P6). 通过这本书，你会发现各种各样专题,旨在帮助你更好地掌握计算 机和成为知识渊博的计算机高手。（意译） designed to 目的是，旨在 Competent 胜任的；有能力的；能干的；足够的 Knowledgeable 知识渊博的，有知识的；有见识的；聪明的 Each of the following chapters highlights a specific career in information technology. This feature provides job descriptions, pro
