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1、George Gordon Byron (1788-1824) 乔治戈登拜伦,Byron was born into an aristocratic family of doubtful reputation. His father died of drink and debauchery(堕落) when Byron was 3, and when he was 10 his great-uncle - the wicked Lord Byron - also died. Byron inherited the title, a vast house called Newstead Abbe
2、y, and estates already mortgaged or in decay. 拜伦出生于一个名声有些问题的贵族家庭。他三岁时，父亲死于饮酒过度和生活腐化。他十岁时，他的叔祖即“邪恶的”拜伦勋爵也去世了。拜伦继承了爵位，继承了称为“纽斯台德寺院”的大宅邸和已经抵押出去的或已趋于衰败的产业。,His father was English, but his mother was of the Scottish origin. She was poor but noble, her name was Catherine Gordon(凯瑟琳戈登).,Byrons mother,Byron
3、s father,He was born with a malformed foot - a disability which tortured him with self-consciousness in his youth.While an undergraduate he published his first book of poems. Hours of Idleness. The adverse criticism it deservedly got stung Byron not to despair but to revenge, and he replied with a s
4、atire in the manner of Pope called English Bards and Scotch Reviewers.,拜伦生下时，一只脚就带有残疾这使他在年轻时候极为敏感，由此给他带来莫大的痛苦。他在大学读书时，就出版了第一本诗集闲散的时光。这本诗集受到的应有的非难刺痛了拜伦的心，他没有绝望，而是想报复，他以蒲柏的风格写了一篇名为英格兰诗人和苏格兰评论家的讽刺诗作为回答。,Byrons shool-Cambridge University,When he was 23 his mother died, and he came home, an extremely han
5、dsome young man, to install himself boisterously at Newstead Abbey. 当他二十三岁时，他的母亲去世了。他成为一个非常漂亮的青年，回到了家里，兴高采烈地在纽斯台德寺院安顿了下来。,1812年2月20日恰尔德哈罗德第一、二章出版了，全城为之轰动。拜伦在一夜之间成了名。从此以后，他写得再快也应接不暇。在这以后的四年期间，他写了一系列浪漫诗篇，其中最好的有海盗和阿比多斯的新娘。据说，海盗一天就销售了一万四千册。,拜伦对于女性总是容易动感情，而且对妇女具有吸引力。三年里他出够了风头，然后，莫名其妙地和安米尔班克结了婚，她是一个冷漠的、严肃
6、的、有理智的妇女，对于他根本不合适，只是有很多钱。她给他生了一个女儿，不到一年就离开了他。整个社会转而对他采取敌对态度，对他进行恶意的诽谤和诬蔑，其过分的程度就如当初对他进行赞美和吹捧那样。拜伦不愿继续忍受这种侮辱，他离开了英国，一去不复返。,以后几年他主要是在威尼斯度过的，在那儿他驯养了一群珍奇动物，也搞了不少风流韵事。他有杰作唐璜是在意大利写的。这篇光辉的，刻薄的，但很松散的讽刺叙事诗是以一种通俗的口语体写的，这种体裁是他掌握技巧的成果。 .,像许多诗人一样，拜伦在本质上是一个活动家。他热爱自由这个理想，他以旺盛的精力投身于希腊为摆脱土耳其统治而进行的独立斗争中。1823年，他离开意大利前
7、往希腊，但是第二年，他由于热心独立运动而劳累过度，染上了风湿病，终于在梅索朗吉昂去世，成为希腊人所悼念的一位民族英雄。,This is Missolonghi（梅索朗吉昂）where he died.,Byron is one of the most influential poets of his time He was one of the most excellent representatives of English Romanticism. His literary career was closely linked with the struggle and progressiv
8、e movements of his age. His poems show energy and vigour, romantic daring and powerful passion. Some of his poems show Byrons individual heroism and pessimism.,influence,歌德：十九世纪最伟大的天才,普希金：思想界的君主,鲁迅先生曾坦然承认：他自己早期对被压迫民族和人民 “哀其不幸，怒其不争”的思想，和“不克厥敌，战则不止” 的精神，都是从拜伦那里学来的。,苏曼殊：“善哉拜伦！以诗人去国之忧，寄之吟咏，谋人家国，功成不居，虽与日
9、月争光可也。”,鲁迅先生曾坦然承认：他自己早期对被压迫民族和人民 “哀其不幸，怒其不争”的思想，和“不克厥敌，战则不止” 的精神，都是从拜伦那里学来的。,苏曼殊：“善哉拜伦！以诗人去国之忧，寄之吟咏，谋人家国，功成不居，虽与日月争光可也。”,拜伦女性观,拜伦曾公开宣称：“同拿破仑一样我是轻蔑女性的。这不是我突然产生的想法，而是我长期经验的结论。”,童年精神创伤对拜伦人格的影响,父亲：风流浪子、挥霍无度、毫无责任感。 母亲：可怜神经质 ，喜怒无常。 保姆：行为放荡、严酷无情。 初恋女友:嘲笑、伤害。拜伦九岁左右爱上了邻家玛丽瑞特，单相思，伤害“你以为我会喜欢那个瘸子吗？”使自尊的拜伦痛苦到了极致
10、。 母亲、保姆、玛丽瑞特这几个女人对拜伦的共同影响是造成了拜伦成年后对女性的矛盾心态,成年之后个人遭遇造成的的精神创伤,婚姻的不幸。婚后一年，妻子带着刚满月的女儿就离开了他，又在家人的指引下被迫与拜伦签订“分居”协议。 他的狂放不羁、情欲泛滥、花天酒地及与姐姐关系所谓的非同寻常。,他说：“依我愚见，爱情毫无意义，它只不过是恭维、幻想、欺骗的大杂烩。如果我有50个情人，我就会在两个星期内把他们统统忘掉。”,拜伦在恋爱,The Works of Byron 1788-1824,Literary Works,Hours of Idleness 闲暇的时光(1806) English Bards an
11、d Scotch Reviewers 英国诗人和苏格兰评论家(1809) Childe Harolds Pilgrimage恰尔德 哈罗尔德游记 (1818) When We Two Parted昔日依依别(1813) Oriental Tales “东方叙事诗 She Walks in Beauty (1815)她走在美丽的光彩里 Hebrew melodies (1815）希伯来歌曲 Manfred (1817)曼弗雷德 Cain (1821) 该隐 The Vision of Judgement (1821)审判的幻境 The Age of Bronze 青铜时代(1823) Don J
12、uan 唐璜(18191824; incomplete on Byrons death in 1824),Childe Harolds Pilgrimage （1812-1818) A lengthy narrative poem,The poem describes the travels and reflections of a world-weary young man who, disillusioned with a life of pleasure and revelry, looks for distraction in foreign lands; The work provi
13、ded the first example of the Byronic hero. comment： 作品通过描写他的爱情故事和英雄业绩， 勾勒了一幅全景式的19世纪欧洲社会生 活画卷，激烈地抨击了各国反动势力， 无情地讥讽种种社会弊端，热情赞颂了 为自由而斗争的英雄气魄。,eight iambic pentameter lines followed by one alexandrine (a twelve syllable iambic line),Childe Harolds Pilgrimage,Once more upon the waters! yet once more! And
14、 the waves bound beneath me as a steed That knows his rider. Welcome to their roar! Swift be their guidance, wheresoeer it lead! Though the strained mast should quiver as a reed, And the rent canvas fluttering strew the gale, Still must I on; for I am as a weed, Flung from the rock, on Oceans foam,
15、to sail Whereer the surge may sweep, the tempests breath prevail.,又到了海上！又一次以海为家！ 我欢迎你，欢迎你，吼叫的波浪！ 我身下的汹涌的海潮象识主的骏马； 快把我送走，不论送往什么地方， 虽然那紧张的桅杆要象芦苇般摇晃， 虽然破裂的帆篷会在大风中乱飘， 然而我还是不得不流浪去他乡， 因为我象从岩石上掉下的一棵草， 将在海洋上漂泊，不管风暴多凶，浪头多么高。,Byronic hero,fiery passions; unbending will ideal of freedom against tyranny and inj
16、ustice lone fighters, individualistic ends,“Oriental Tales “东方叙事诗”,The Giaour 异教徒 The Bride of Abydos 阿比多斯的新娘 Lara 莱拉 The Corsair 海盗 Parisina 帕日西纳 The Siege of Corinth 攻克考日斯,Don Juan 唐璜,It was written in Italy during the years from 1818 to 1823. It has 16,000 lines in 16 cantos and witten in ottava rima （八行体）. Each stanza contains 8 iambic pentamete
