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1、课时规范练32(选修7Unit 2).阅读理解A(2018辽宁沈阳东北育才学校第一次检测)If Hollywood ever had a lesson for scientists,it would be what happens if machines start to rebel (反抗) against their human creators.Yet despite this,roboticists have started to teach their own creations to say no to human orders.They have programmed a pai
2、r of humanoid (像人的) robots called Shafer and Dempster to disobey instructions from humans if their own safety is put at risk.Engineers Gordon Briggs and Dr Matthais Scheutz are trying to create robots that can interact in a more human way.The robots they have created follow verbal instructions,such
3、as “stand up” and “sit down” from a human operator.However,when they are asked to walk into an obstacle or off the end of a table,for example,the robots politely decline to do so.When asked to walk forward on a table,the robots refuse to move,telling their creator,“Sorry,I cannot do this as there is
4、 no support ahead.” Upon a second command to walk forward,the robots reply,“But it is unsafe.” To achieve this,the researchers introduced reasoning mechanisms (推理机制) into the robots software,allowing them to assess their environment and examine whether a command might threaten their safety.However,t
5、heir work appears to go against the laws of robotics drawn up by science fiction author Isaac Asimov,which state that a robot must obey the orders given by human beings.The work may cause the fear that if artificial intelligence is given the ability to disobey humans,then it could have harmful resul
6、ts.Many leading figures have warned that artificial intelligence could get out of our control.Others have warned that robots could finally end up replacing many workers in their jobs while there are some people who fear it could lead to the machines taking over.However,Dr Scheutz and Mr Briggs added
7、,“There still exists much more work to do in order to make these reasoning and dialogue mechanisms much more powerful.”1.What can we know about the robots Shafer and Dempster?A.They put their safety above orders.B.They refuse any instruction from operators.C.They can only perform orders mechanically
8、.D.They can kill operators if they are threatened.2.The robots mentioned in Para.3 ensure their safety through.A.the change of their structuresB.the special materials of their bodiesC.the verbal instructions from operatorsD.the reasoning mechanisms in the software3.Para.4 is intended mainly to show
9、experts .A.confidence in robotsB.concern about robotsC.expectations of robotsD.determination to develop robots4.It can be concluded that Scheutz and Briggs may work out .A.how to command robots efficientlyB.how to stop robots harming humansC.robots with much higher intelligenceD.robots that behave i
10、n a perfectly polite way导学号23280129B(2018黑龙江大庆铁人中学质量检测)A struggling Korean baseball team has invented a novel way to improve atmosphere during their matches by bringing in a crowd of robot fans.Hanwha Eagles supporters who are unable to get to the stadium can control the robot over the Internet.The
11、robot fans can cheer,sing and perform a Mexican wave,but they cannot attack the pitch (球场).One expert said giving more fans a chance to “attend” was important for professional clubs.“This was especially the case with top football teams,” Matt Cutler,editor of SportBusiness International,told BBC.“If
12、 you look at all the big clubs,you cant just get a season ticket you have to sit on a waiting list.”Football fan John Hemmingham,who runs the famous England Supporters Brass Band,saw the funny side.“What happens if a robot fan misbehaves?” He joked.“Gets aggressive,spills a drink.I can see it being
13、filled with danger.What if it sits in the wrong section?A robotic hooligan (无赖)!”It is not easy to be a Hanwha Eagles fan.In the past five years,they have suffered more than 400 losses so many that fans of the team are regarded with a degree of sympathy,and have earned the nickname (绰号) Buddhist Sai
14、nts.Less friendly opposition fans describe them as the Hanwha Chickens.In addition to being able to control some robot movements,fans can upload their own faces to the machine.While the robots supporting Hanwha Eagles will be regarded as a trick by most fans,there are other,more serious attempts to
15、help more people experience matches.Some people doubted the virtual reality plan could have ever worked but praised the ambition.In the near term,simple technology additions to stadiums are already changing how we enjoy sports.“Within a short time,nearly every Premier League stadium will have Wi-Fi,
16、” said Mr Cutler.5.Whats John Hemminghams attitude towards bringing in robot fans?A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Indifferent.D.Curious.6.Why is it not easy to be a Hanwha Eagles fan?A.The team is not a famous one.B.The teams fans should know a lot about robots.C.The team was defeated many times in the past.D.It is hard for fans to get tickets for the teams mat
