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1、Text Fifty Years of Fashion 1 No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constant factors: the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines for womens skirts and dresses. Text 2 Denim, the material which jeans are made of, was known in France in the late
2、16th century, but it was Levi Strauss who saw that miners in the Californian gold rush in the mid-19th century needed strong trousers, which he reinforced with metal rivets. Blue denim jeans remained popular in the US as work clothes until the 1950s, but then became associated with youth, new ideas,
3、 rebellion and individuality. When Levi Strauss the action or process of resisting authority, control, or convention 反抗；反叛 e.g. 1. The rebellion was soon stamped on by the army. 军队很快平息了叛乱。 2. Too rigid parental control fosters rebellion of children. 父母管教过严会促使子女反抗。 3. This is a typical act of teenage
4、 rebellion. 这是一种典型的青少年反抗行为。 Word family: rebel v. Words everything is in a state of flux. 我们未来的计划未定，一切都变化莫测。 Antonym: settled Word family: settle v. Words feeling or showing disapproval of anything regarded as improper 拘谨的， 古板的；一本正经的 e.g. Our English teacher is a very prim (and proper) lady. 我们英语老师是
5、一位（循规蹈矩）非常古板的女士。 Word family: primly ad. See also: prim and proper. Words used to contrast levels of the noun modified （裙等）超超短的 e.g. a micro skirt 2) extremely small 微小的，细微的 e.g. 1. a micro book 2. Macro Micro Economics Antonym: macro Words casual Words they will obey you better if you ask them poli
6、tely. 不要对孩子们发号施令，你如果礼貌地要求他们，他们会更 听话的。 Words an economic bust is a business failure or bankruptcy because of lack of money. The expression economic boom and bust describes cycles in which a boom period of growth, high production and rising prices is followed by an economic decline, contraction and un
7、employment before a new cycle begins. Language Points Exactly why women should want to expose more or less of their legs during periods of economic boom and bust remains a mystery. 在经济繁荣和萧条时期女性到底为什么要多暴露或少 暴露双腿至今仍然是个谜。 Language Points 翻译： Whenever the economic outlook is unsettled . The economic outl
8、ook is unsettled means the economy is unstable, that is, the economy has problems and is likely to change suddenly, making people uncertain about what may happen in the future. 每当经济前景不明朗时 Language Points 翻译： Swinging London Swinging London is a term that describes fashion and cultural trends in musi
9、c and the media in Britain in mid-1960s, especially London. Icons of the time included the miniskirt, the mini car, the first supermodels like Twiggy (who was famous for being very thin) and fashionable shopping streets for clothes (like Carnaby Street and Kings Road in London). 摇摆伦敦（时髦放纵的伦敦） Langua
10、ge Points 翻译： It was given greater respectability when the great French designer, Courrges, developed it into an item of high fashion. For a while the miniskirt was controversial and not respectable because it showed a large extent of the wearers legs, but when Courrges developed it in Paris fashion
11、 shows, this gave approval and support, because the miniskirt could be considered an item of high fashion (having high status from a Paris fashion house). 当法国杰出的时装设计师库雷热把超短裙变成一件高级 时装时，超短裙得到了人们更多的认可。 Language Points 翻译： the hippie movement The hippie movement began in the mid-1960s in California and
12、spread internationally. Hippies had a reputation for social rebellion (e.g. with drugs and sexual behaviour) and alternative lifestyles (e.g. in communes). They tried to find a new way of life which valued peace, individuality, and religious and cultural diversity. The movement influenced popular mu
13、sic, TV and film, literature and the arts. Language Points Hippie fashions included long full skirts, bell-bottomed jeans, home-made and tie-dyed garments, the use of flower designs (which represented peace and love), and influences from non-Western cultures in headscarves, headbands, bracelets and
14、long beaded necklaces. 嬉皮士运动 Language Points 翻译： the period of punk The punk period (1970s) featured fashions that expressed anger against society and included brightly coloured hair, ripped clothes and studded belts. 朋克时期 Language Points 翻译： the New Romantics The New Romantics was a youth fashion m
15、ovement that peaked in the UK during the early 1980s. It is strongly associated with music, which was inspired by historical periods, especially the English Romantic Movement. Fashions had a dramatic, flamboyant look with luscious fabrics, loose shirts with frills and short shirt collars, unfolded,
16、with top buttons unfastened and using monotone colours. 新浪漫派 Language Points 翻译： power dressing Power dressing is a stylish and perhaps expensive way of dressing (usually for business, the professions or politics) which is intended to give the impression that the person wearing the clothes is assertive and competent, through the use of structured shapes, shoulder pads, smart fabrics, high heels and clean-cut stylin
