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1、菏泽语法十 非谓语动词 考点1 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to动词原形”，否定形式是在 不定式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己 的宾语和状语，但没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作 谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 (1)作主语 动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式 主语，把动词不定式后置，常构成“Itbeadj. (for sb. ) 动词不定式”。 Its important (for us) to protect the environment. (对我们来说)保护环境很重要。 (2)作表语 My job is to teach En
2、glish. 我的工作是教英语。 (3)作宾语或宾语补足语 接to do作宾语的动词或短语有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。 接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。 在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, feel, notice, look, smell等的后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要 省略。help后的不定式可带to也可不带。
3、make sb. do sth. 的被动语态必须加to make sb. do sth. 中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语， 但是变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。 (4)作定语 I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多家庭作业要做。 动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系， 如果不定式是不及物动词，其后要有相关的介词。 The cat is easy to take care of. 这只猫很容易照顾。 (5)作状语 Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter. 王太太去上海看她女儿。(目的) Were g
4、lad to meet you here. 我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因) He is too tired to work on. 他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果) (6)“疑问词动词不定式”结构 疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等后接动词 不定式，在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。 The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didnt know where to go(where he should go) 他不知道去哪里。 (7)含动词不定式的特殊句型与短
5、语 too. . . to. . . 太而不能 Why dont you do sth. ？为什么不做某事？ had better do sth. 最好做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事 make sb. do sth. 让某人去做某事 be made to do sth. 被迫做某事 1(2017齐齐哈尔中考)It takes me half an hour _ playing the piano. How about you? I usually spend 20 minutes _it. Apracticing;
6、on Bto practice; in Cto practice; on C 2(2017绥化中考)My parents have a lot of housework _ Ado Bto do Cdoing 3(2017齐齐哈尔中考)It is raining outside. Why not _ an umbrella? Ato take Btake Ctaking B B 4As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital _ them up. Ato cheer Bcheer Ccheering Dche
7、ered 5He found it important _ the situation all over the world. Astudy Bto study Cstudies Dto be studied A B 6(2017南充中考)Mario, your mobile phone is ringing. Wait a minute. Its dangerous for us _ it while crossing the street. Aanswering Bto answer Canswer Danswered B 7(2017宜宾中考)The child is crying. P
8、lease do something to make him _ Astop to cry Bstop crying Cto stop crying B 8(2017天津中考)We only planned _ the play for an hour, but in the end, we stayed for three hours. Awatch Bwatches Cto watch Dwatched 9Your father is sleeping. Youd better _ Anot wake up him Bnot to wake up him Cnot wake him up
9、Dnot to wake him up C C 10(2017河南中考)Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us _ sure we dont break anything. Amake Bmade Cto make Dmaking C 11Hi, Betty. Shall we go swimming that day? Sorry, I have a lot of homework _ this Sunday. Ato do Bdone Cdo Dto be done A 12(201
10、7长春中考) _Chinese culture, many college students go to foreign countries every year. ASpreading BTo spread CSpreads DSpread B 13(2017郴州中考)What shall we do this weekend? Well drive to Dongjiang Lake _ boating. Ato go Bgo Cgoing 14(2017海南中考)After two hours drive, the driver decided _ and have a rest. As
11、top Bto stop Cstopping A B 15(2017扬州中考)Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can take the time _ her words on paper. Aput Bputting Cto put Dputs 16The meeting room is big enough _ one hundred people. Aholding Bhold Cto hold Dholds C C 考点2 动名词 动名词由“动词原形 ing”构成，与现在分词同形。 动名词既有动词的性质(可有宾语和状语)，也有名词 的性质
12、，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 (1)动名词常用结构 只能跟动名词的动词或短语有avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, cant help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing等。 haven. (in) doing have fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doin
13、g, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulties (in) doing等。 to doing 结构，to是介词 be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。 (2)有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义 不同。 17Have you forgotten _ $1，000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorr
14、ow? Aborrowing; to bring Bto borrow; to bring Cborrowed; bringing Dborrowing; bringing A 18(2017龙东中考)Would you mind _ here? Of course not. Ill _ my cigarette at once. Anot smoking; put away Bnot smoking; put out Cnot to smoke; put off B 19Everyone thinks the problem is hard, but he has no difficulty
15、 _ the problem. Aworking out Bhaving worked out Cto have worked out Dto work out A 20(2017黄冈中考)Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world. Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid _ products made in China. Ato buy Bbuying Cbought Dbuy B 21My brother keeps _ me with my work. Ato help Bhelp Chelping Dhelped 22Ive enjoyed _ to take with you. Ato be able Bbeing able Cto been able Dof being able C B 23Mr. Wang came into the office without _ the door. Aknock Bknocking at Cto knock at Dknocking to 24(2017重庆中考)Dave is a g
