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1、 1Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over themselves in their eagerness to sign collaborative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners. Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements, as a low-cost rout
2、e to acquiring new airliner technology. If they are not careful the two sides will end up tripping over each other: the one by selling its birth-right for short-term gain, the other by trying to break into a market which isnt big enough to sustain it. Technology transfer works in a growing market, w
3、here the aspirations of the new entrant receiving that technology can be met through expansion. The airliner market is not such a device. Even the most optimistic projections of airliner sales for the next 20 years show that airliner manufacture can only be profitable if a small number of aircraft b
4、uilders share the available sales. It follows that if new manufacturers come into the market and take sales, their sales must come from substitution, not expansion. Given the complexity of todays airliners, it is unlikely that any new entrant will have both the financial and technical resources to c
5、ome into the market without the involvement of an established manufacturer. In the short term, such involvement may not be to the exclusive benefit of the new entrant: most of the established manufacturers are searching for ways to reduce costs of manufacture. In the short term, it can be of benefit
6、 to an established Western manufacturer to have either components of complete air frames made or assembled in lower-wage economics such a China, Taiwan or Korea, while retaining the design, development and marketing of aircraft for itself. It would be a very unwise Western manufacturer which did not
7、 heed the fact that these developing economies are acquiring skills ( like computing ) at least as quickly as they are acquiring skills in metallbashing. The danger comes when the new entrant no longer needs the established Western partner because it has acquired the technical and intellectual abili
8、ty to design and build its own aircraft. An Asian partner may well find itself in the happy position of having the low-cost labour base, the high-cost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner. 1. The authors attitude towards Western/eastern collaboration can be depicted a
9、s _. A.positive B.progressive C.conservative D.negative 2. The airliner market is not such a device means that the airliner market _. A.does not encourage technology transfer B.is too limited to offer chances of success C.requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devices D.is full of competitions even
10、 for new entrants 3.Established manufacturers search for partners in order to A.save the cost of the airframe B.improve some aircraft components C.save the cost of labour D.develop new technology 4.According to the author, a wise established manufacturer should _. A. try to benefit from both financi
11、al and technical resources B.break up his partnership with the East once profits are made C.keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airliners D.collaborate with Asian partners for a short time 5. The word base in the last paragraph represents_. A. a production place B.the initial
12、 operation of building aircraft C.a research institute D.a position where to start building 答案：CDADA 2 The government-run command post in Tunis is staffed around the clock by military personnel, meteorologists and civilians. On the wall are maps, crisscrossed with brightly colors arrows that painsta
13、kingly track the fearsome path of the enemy. What kind of invader gives rise to such high-level monitoring? Not man, not beast, but the lowly desert locust.（蝗虫） In recent months, billions of the 3-inch-long winged warriors have descended on Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia, blackening the sky and
14、 eating up crops and vegetation. The insect invasion, the worst in 30 years, is already creating great destruction in the Middle East and is now treating southern Europe. The current crisis began in late 1985 near the Red Sea. Unusually rainy weather moistened the sands of the Sudan, making them ide
15、al breeding grounds for the locust, which lays its eggs in the earth. The insect onslaught threatens to create yet another African famine. Each locust can eat its weight (not quite a tenth of an ounce) in vegetation every 24 hours. A good-size swarm of 50 billion insects eats up 100,000 tons of gras
16、s, trees and crops in a single night. All 150 million may be needed this year. The U.S. has provided two spraying planes and about 50,000 gal. of pesticide. The European Community has donated 3.8 million in aid and the Soviet Union, Canada, Japan and China have provided chemical-spraying aircraft to help wipe out the pests. But relief efforts are hampered by the relative mildness of
