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1、语法专题(二) 定语从句,一、关系词 关系词通常有三个作用：引导定语从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当句子成分。,1.指人时，who和that都可以使用，但先行词是anyone，those，he时，一般用who。 这样考过 (江西临川二中)The employers often give the job to _ they believe have work experience with a strong sense of duty. Awhoever Bwhomever Cwho Dthose who 答案：D,(江苏姜堰中学)You see，you seem to have done t
2、oo badly in practicing playing basketball. Yeah，but _，so I think it doesnt matter at all. Ahe that climbs high falls heavily Bhe who does not advance loses ground Che who makes no mistakes makes nothing Dhe knows most who speaks least,解析：据句意表泛指的he作先行词，由who引导定语从句。不犯错误的人也做不成任何事。故选C。 答案：C,2who和whom都可以作
3、从句宾语，但从句中的介词提前时，不能用who。 这样考过 (江苏武进区四校联考)She is a helpful neighbor，_ all of us will always adore and be thankful to. A/ Bthat Cthe one whom Done whom 答案：D,(全国)She brought with her three friends，none of _ I had ever met before. Athem Bwho Cwhom Dthese 解析：句意：她带了三个朋友过来，没有一个是我曾经见过的。此题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是her t
4、hree friends，代入定语从句后为：I had ever met none_of_her_three_friends.而介词后指人时用关系代词whom。 答案：C,3whose用来指人或物，只用作定语。 这样考过 (北京海淀区)Last week，we watched Beijing Opera，_ style was unfamiliar to most of us. Awhat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhose 解析：先行词是京剧，后面用定语从句修饰。京剧的风格为我们中大多数人不熟悉，因此选whose。 答案：D,(安徽)Many children，_ parents ar
5、e away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. Atheir Bwhose Cof them Dwith whom 解析：句意：很多小孩在村里都得到了很好的照顾，他们的父母亲远在大城市里打工。whose 引导非限制性定语从句。A项their和C项of them不能连接从句，可以排除；选with whom会导致句意混乱。 答案：B,(北京西城区抽样测试)Just like a voyage at sea，our life journey，_ days are limited，is full of diffic
6、ulties. Awhich B.that Cits Dwhose 解析：由句意：人生旅途如航海一样，时光有限，且充满艰辛。whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰journey，作定语从句的定语，故选D。 答案：D,4which和that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词。 这样考过 (南通调研)Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons cant be the only preparation for all of the situations _ appear in the working world. Awh
7、ere Bwhen Cthat Dwhat,解析：由句子结构知空格处应填一个关系代词，引导定语从句修饰先行词situations，且在定语从句中作主语，故选that。 答案：C,5先行词是物时that和which一般可以互换使用，但有时不可换用。 (1)下列场合一般只用that： 先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词。,这样考过 (衡水中学)They went on well at first but eventually everything _ they had worried about h
8、appened. Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhen 解析：由句中知先行词为不定代词everything，选C。 答案：C,(南昌调研)You can only be sure of all _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. Athat; what Bthat; / Cwhich; that Dwhat; that 解析：第一空的先行词为all，后面应该用that引导定语从句；第二空的先行词something暗示应该用that，但因为此处that
9、在从句中作宾语，故可以省略。 答案：B,当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级时或先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰时。 这样考过 (宁波联考)Do you agree with her ideas at the meeting? Absolutely，what shes just said is the very idea _ I want to express. Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhy,解析：定语从句缺少宾语且先行词前面有the very 修饰时，关系代词只用that不用which。 答案：A,
10、先行词有两个，一个指人，另一个指物。 可能这样考 He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school. Awhich Bthat Cwhom Dwhat 解析：things和persons是先行词。当定语从句要修饰的先行词既表示人，又表示物的名词时，其关系代词要用that。 答案：B,主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。 当先行词由the only，the very，few，little，no，all等修饰时。 当先行词在主句中作表语时，而关系代词在从句中作表语时。 (2)下列场合不能使用th
11、at： 在非限制性定语从句中(指人时使用who或whom，指物时使用which)。,这样考过 (济南模拟)We went to Mountain Tai last weekend，_，not surprisingly，was crowded with visitors. Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dwhen,解析：句意为：我们上个周末去了泰山，并不奇怪的是，那里挤满了游客。分析句子成分可知，所填的关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Mountain Tai，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故应用which来引导。where引导定语从句时，在从句中作地点状语。that引导限制性定语从句，且在
12、从句中作主语、宾语等。when引导定语从句时，先行词应为表示时间的词，且在定语从句中作时间状语。由语境可知B项正确。 答案：B,在“介词关系代词”结构中(指人时使用whom，指物时使用which)。 这样考过 (福州质检)There are altogether fiftysix students in our class，_ is a new comer from a faraway mountain village. Athe most hardworking of who Bof whom the most hardworking Cthe most hardworking of the
13、m Dbut the most hardworking of whom,解析：根据句意及句型结构，应为B项，属介词前置的定语从句。A项who前不能有介词；C项them不能引导定语从句；D项有连词but不再是定语从句，因此不能用whom。 答案：B,(潍坊质检)Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents _ students got injured or killed while in school. Ain which Bfor which Cwhich Dwhen
14、 解析：该句中的accidents为先行词，in which引导定语从句，相当于where，作从句的地点状语。句意为“由于不断有校园伤害或死亡的报道，校园安全已成为了一个重要问题。”故选A。 答案：A,6当先行词指时间、地点、原因(the reason)时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用when，where，why。 这样考过 (重庆)Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. Awhy Bwhat Cthat Dwhere,解析：句意：生活像长跑比赛，我们与其他人竞争以超越自我。本题考查定语
15、从句。先行词为race，代入定语从句后为：we compete with others to go beyond ourselves in the long race。由此可见，in the long race 在定语从句中作状语，且不表示原因(排除A项)，故D项正确。 答案：D,(浙江)I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. Awhich Bwhere Chow Dwhy 解析：句意：我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。where 引导定语从句修饰先行词point。 答案：B,(福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. Athat Bwhen Cwhich Dwhere,解析：句意：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。本题考查定语从句，先行词是situation，代入定语从句后为：They can see themse
