but 的用法之一 but 一词既可作连词、介词、副词用,又有一些习惯搭配和固定用法,现对其用法作以下归纳 一、用作连词 1. 用作等立连词,使其前后的词、短语、分句相互对照,作“但是,然而,可是”解例如: She is young but very experienced. 她虽然年轻但经验丰富 2. 用于表示歉意的话语之后,表示谢绝或不赞成例如: I’m sorry, but I disagree with you. 对不起,我不同意你的意见 3. 用于两个并列的分句之间,与前面的否定词形成对比,作“无……而不……”解例如: It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已,一雨倾盆 I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society. 我走过那所房子时,没有一次不想起我在旧社会所过的悲惨生活 二、用作介词 1. 与 no , nobody , nothing , none , who 等词连用,作“除……之外”解,用来排除同类中的一分子,或从整体中除去一部分。
例如: Nobody knew her but me. 除我以外,没有人认识她 Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan. 这个计划只能带来灾难,别无益处 2. but 前面有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的动词不定式要省略 to ;其前没有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的不定式要带 to .例如: We had no choice but to wait. 除了等待,我们别无选择 He did nothing all day long but watch TV. 一整天,他除了看电视,别无他事可做 3. 与 last , next 及 one , two 等连用,作“倒数第二、第三”等解例如: Jack was the last but one to arrive. 杰克是倒数第二个到达的 三、用作副词 1. 意思上相当于 only ,后面跟名词或动词例如: Tom is but a child. 汤姆只是个孩子 We can but try now. 我们现在只有尝试一遍。
2. but 出现在 too … to …结构前面时,不定式含肯定意义例如: I’m but too glad to go there with you. 我非常高兴和你一起去那里 四、含 but 的习惯用语 1. but for = without ,意为“要不是;如果没有”,意思上相当于一个虚拟条件句例如: But for the rain (If it hadn’t rained), we would have had a pleasant journey. 要不是天下雨,我们这次旅行就惬意了 But for your help, we couldn’t have carried out the plan. 如果没有你的帮助,我们不可能实现那个计划 2. but that = except that ,意为“若非;要不是”,引导虚拟条件状语从句例如: He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time. 要不是他那时候没钱,他会帮助我的。
3. but then = on the other hand ,意为“不过;在另一方面”例如: London is a noisy place, but then it’s also a place where you get the best entertainment. 伦敦是个闹市,不过它也是能够给你最好娱乐的地方 4. nothing but = only ,意为“只;不过是”例如: We could see nothing but water. 我们只能看见水 5. not … but …意为“不是……而是……”,连接两个并列的名词、形容词、副词、短语或分句等例如: My bag is not black but red. 我的书包不是黑色的而是红色的 He failed not because he isn’t clever but because he didn’t work hard. 他失败了,不是因为他不聪明而是因为他工作不努力 6. no … but 意为“没有……不……”例如: No child but likes Old Li in our village. 没有孩子不喜欢我们村里的老李。
7. not only … but also … 意为“不但……而且……;既……又……”,连接两个并列成分例如: Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting. 不但你而且她也得参加这次会议 He not only teaches us English but also does other things for us. 他不但教我们英语,而且还为我们干别的事情 8. not that … but that …意为“不是因为……而是因为……”例如: Not that the car is out of order, but that I’ve not learned to drive. 不是汽车出了故障,而是我还没有学会开车 9. can’t help but do … 意为“不能不……;忍不住……”例如: I can’t help but cry. 我忍不住哭了 10. all but 意为“除……外全都,几乎”例如: All but mother in my family can speak English. 除母亲外,我的一家人都会说英语。
His theory is all but correct. 他的理论几乎是正确的 11. anything but 意为“不见得,决不”例如: He is anything but a good headmaster. 他不见得是个好校长 This car is anything but beautiful. 这辆小汽车根本不漂亮 12. but now 意为“刚刚,适才”例如: I saw him in the office but now. 我刚刚看见他在办公室 I heard the commander talk about you but now. 适才听得司令讲到您 13. can (or could) but 意为“只能,只好”例如: His father can but know a few letters. 他的父亲只能认几个字母 The old lady could but walk slowly with a stick. 那个老太太只能拄着拐杖慢慢地朝前走 14. can (or could) not but 意为“不得不,忍不住”。
例如: I could not but tell him about it. 我不得不告诉他这件事 Seeing her husband’s funny face, she could not but laugh. 看见丈夫的滑稽面孔,她忍不住大笑起来 15. cannot (or could not) choose but 意为“不得不,必须”例如: They could not choose but obey. 他们除了服从外别无选择 16. never … but 意为“每当……就……”例如: He never sees Miss Wang but he thinks of his friend, Xiao Ya. 每当见到王女士时,他就想起他的朋友小雅来 Her brother never comes, but he asks her for money. 她兄弟来时,总是向她要钱 17. next but one 意为“再下一个”例如: They used to live in the next house but one to me. 他们住在我隔壁的隔壁。
18. no one butbut 的用法之二 意为“除了……外,谁也不”例如: No one but a madman would say such words. 除了疯子,谁也不会说这样的话 19. not so … (such a … ) but (that) …意为“没有到(不能……)”例如: His English is not so bad but he can make himself understood. 他的英语还不至于差到不能把自己的意思讲清楚的地步 I’m not so foolish (not such a fool) but (that) I can see what he really meant. 我还没有笨到听不懂他话中的真正含义的地步。