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1、 本文供考研英国文学复习第二遍和第三遍的时候使用，第一遍要把教材细读一遍。很多人觉的文学学的乱七八糟，主要是因为脑子里没有一个清晰的纲领，在临考前脑子里要对文学有很清晰的纲领，这样就算复习的差不多了。有人又问？什么是纲领？比如说英国文学吧，你要知道英国文学大致分为多少个时期，每一个时期有什么总体特点，有什么总体的literary trend，然后这个时期有那些重要的作家，每一个重要的作家都写过什么重要的作品，这些重要的作品大致内容是什么，有什么意义，有什么写作特色，除了这些之外，再对基本的文学术语有所了解就差不多了。当然如果要求选读的，选读作品得另看。Part One: Early and M
2、edieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements（此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance（名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthurs story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chauc
3、er: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance（填空选择）9. Re
4、naissance（名词解释）10.Thomas MoreUtopia11. Sonnet（名词解释）12. Blank verse（名词解释）13. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collection of his sonnets) Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）15. Christoph
5、er Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。四大喜剧，四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的悲剧作品是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读）17. Ben Jonson个别戏剧的名字要能和人对上号，如Every Man in His Humor,二外好像在这里出过一道匹配题，但是不用看太具体。P
6、art Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution18. John Milton三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，具体情节在课本124页，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。对于Samson Agonistes要知道它是poetical drama，知道故事大概情节及其来源。另外129页到130页brief summary中5条要看。19. John Bunya
7、nThe Pilgrims Progress20. Founder of the Metaphysical schoolJohn Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images21. Andrew Marvell此人不重要，但他有一首名诗To His Coy Mistress22. John Dryden“All for Love”(a tragedy); “An Essay of Dramatic Poesy”(Literary criticism); forerun
8、ner of the Classicism in BritainPart Four: The Eighteen Century23. Enlightenment（名词解释）24. Classicism（名词解释）25. Richard Steele“The Tatler”26. Joseph Addison“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。27. Steels and Addisons styles and their contributions28. Alexa
9、nder Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations29. Jonathan Swift: “Gullivers Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; “The Drapiers Letters” and “A Modest Proposal”,后一篇比较重要，要注意后一篇作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。30.
10、The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature.31. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”,当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，179页这一节最后一段，有Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of Engl
11、ish realistic novel。32. Samuel Richardson“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison”33. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，200页founder of the English Realistic novel部分要看，201页第3点features也要看，另外Fielding也被称为fathe
12、r of the English novel.34. Laurence Sterne“Tristram Shandy”35. Richard Sheridan“The School for Scandal”36. Samuel Johnson“Dictionary”, “Letter to Lord Chesterfield” (the writers declaration of independence)37. Oliver Goldsmith“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” (poem) (both two poems were
13、written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy), “The Citizen of the World” (collection of essays)38. Edward Gibbon“The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire”40. Sentimentalism（名词解释）41. Thomas Gray“Elegy Written in a Coun
14、try Churchyard”（英国诗歌里非常著名的一首，曾经被誉为“有史以来英国诗歌里最好的一首”）(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓园派诗人)*GraveyardSchool / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which rang
15、e from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Grays “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced som
16、e American poets. 42. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism; representative: William Blake and Robert Burns.43. Thomas Percy“Reliques of Ancient English poetry”许多中古的民谣都是在这个时期重新收集和整理起来的，这个集子是那个时代比较有名的一个民谣集。44. William Blake比较重要，需要对主要作品有所了解，特别是Songs of Innocence和 Songs of Experience,这两本集子的contrast一定要注意，另外Blake的写作特点也要注意，比如语言的简单明了，神秘主义氛
