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1、,定语从句 from : 李梦 曹思佳 汪露露 汪玲,定语从句的译法 一、限制性定语从句 二、非限定性定语从句 三、兼有状语职能的定语从句,一、限定性定语从句,（一）前置法 把英语限定性定语从句译成带“的”的定语词组，放在被修饰词之前，从而将复合句译成汉语单句。 The people who worked for him lived in moral fear of him. 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。,1） Trade terms are a certain kind of international trade practice that divides up the costs, r
2、isks and responsibilities of the transport of the goods between the buyer and the seller. 翻译：贸易术语是指买卖双方在商品交易时为明确划分双方成本、风险及应负责任而设定的一种国际贸易惯例。 2）Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another. 翻译：即使是老道的作家也很可能不能完全描述出决定人的面孔各不相同的所有特征。,（二）后置法 如果
3、从句结构复杂，译成汉语前置定语显得太长而不符合汉语表达习惯时，往往可以译成后置的并列分句。 1、译成并列分句，重复英语先行词 They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。,1）I bought a book which was writte
4、n by Lu Xun, ( which was)imposed great impact on several generations. 翻译：我买了一本鲁迅写的书，这本书影响了几代人。 2)Another popular spectator sport, which is known as the sport of kings, is horse-racing, which is controlled by the Jockey Club. 翻译：另一种以帝王的运动著称的流行观赏运动是赛马，这种比赛由赛马总会控制。,2、译成并列分句，省略英语先行词 He managed to raise
5、a crop of 200 miracles tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each. 他居然中除了二百个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达两磅。 It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. 是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。,1) Carrie reached home in high good spirits，which she could scarcely conceal. 翻译：嘉莉兴高采烈地回到家，想掩饰也掩饰不住。 2)When she was
6、 lost to his view, he pursued his homeward way, glancing up sometimes at the sky, where(in the sky) the clouds were sailing fast and wildly. 翻译：直到看不见她了，他才往家里走去，不时抬头望望天空，乌云在翻滚奔驰。,（三）融合法 1、融合法是把原句中的主语和定语从句融合在一起译成一个独立句子的一种翻译方法。英语中的“There be”就是这样处理的。 There was another man who seemed to have answers, and
7、 that was Robert McNamara. 另外一个人似乎胸有成竹，那就是罗伯特麦克纳马拉。 There is a girl downstairs who wants to see you. 翻译：楼下有位女孩要见你。,2、此外，还有些带有定语从句的英语复合句，译成汉语时可将英语主语压缩成汉语词组做主语，而把定语从句译成谓语，融合成一个句子。 “We are a nation that must beg to stay alive,“said a foreign economist. 一位外国的经济学家说道：“我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去。” We used a plane of w
8、hich almost every part carried some indication of national identity. 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。,I saw a cow that was grazing under a tree. 翻译：我看见一头牛在树下吃草。 2）An object in water experiences a buoyant force which is equal to the weight of the displayed. 翻译：物体在水中所受的浮力等于它排开的水的重量。,四、断开法,当前置或后置都要影响上下文连贯时，可以将
9、其放在主句中间，用破折号或括号等将其与主句断开。 1)The last bits and pieces of interplanetary debris（星际碎片）from which Earth formed were just arriving. 翻译：最后的一批星际碎片（地球正是由这些碎片构成的）正降落在地球上 2)All commercial communication satellites, which began to be launched in1965, are now designed for use in geosynchronous orbits（地球同步轨道）。 翻译：
10、所有商业性通讯卫星（1965 年开始发射）现在都设计用于地球同步轨道。,二、非限制性定语从句,（一）前置法 一些较短而具描写性的英语非限定性定语从句，也可译成带“的”的定语词组，放在被修饰词之前，但不如用在限制性定语从句中那样普遍。 The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射了。,My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 翻译：我去年买的那幢房子有个漂亮的花园。 2）Yet tru
11、th, which only does judge itself, teaches that the inquiry of truth, the knowledge of truth, and the belief of truth is the sovereign good of human nature. 翻译：而这只受自身评判的真理依然教导吾辈，探求真理，认识真理，并相信真理，乃是人性之至善。,（二）后置法 1、译成并列分句 （1）在译文中把原文从句后置，重复英语关系词所代表的含义 1 Kissinger and his small group of aides toured the F
12、orbidden City, where the Chinese emperors had once lived in lofty splendor. 基辛格和他的一帮随从参观了故宫，从前的皇帝曾在这所故宫过着奢华显赫的生活。,2 They are seated with their guests in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda. 翻译：他们和客人坐在宽敞的饭厅里，室内是大理石铺成的光地板，
13、屋顶上可以看到明椽，宽大的玻璃门通向走廊。,（2）在译文中从句后置，省略英语关系词所代表的含义 1 After dinner,the four key negotiations resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. 饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。 2 He saw in front that haggard white-haired old man ,whose eyes flashed red with fury. 他看见前面那个憔悴的白发老人，眼睛里闪着怒光。,1） He said that
14、this was a good suggestion, which he would look into. 翻译：他说这是个很好的建议，一定要加以研究。 2） He gave me a fountain pen, which I kept to this day. 翻译：他给了我一支自来水笔，我一直保存到今天。,（3）在译文中把原文从句前置，重复英语关系词所代表的含义 The man had suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in those trifles,(flowers)which
15、they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet. 这些花以前一直被这些人漫不经心地踩在脚下，现在他们突然意识到这些小玩意儿的美丽和意义了。,It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned. 翻译：他站住，转过身来，定睛一看，是个年迈的妇女，她个子很高，仍然一副好身材，尽管受了时间的打磨。,2、译成独立句 He had talked to Vice
16、-President Nixon,who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和副总统尼克松谈过话。副总统向他担保，凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。,A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl, who insists that women have outgrown the jumping-on-the-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era, and a colonel who says that they havent. 翻译：一位年轻的女士同一位上校展开了热烈的辩论。女士坚持认为，妇女如今已有进步，不再是过去那种一见老鼠就吓得跳起来的妇女了。上校则认为妇女还没有改变。,三、兼有状语职能的定语从句,（一）译成表“因”的分句 The ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk
