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1、【定语从句】定语从句顺口溜1.定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜;定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系;2.关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破;which表物人用who,人物都有that顾;which用在逗号后,意表前句你要know;who做主语很称职,whom用到宾语里;3.that用法真有趣, 两个地方它不去;逗号后边它不去, 介词之后不考虑;4.That which代表物,区别听我来叙述;先行若是不定代,that就把which 踹;先行词前有两数, 就用that定无误;先行词前最高级, 还用that必无疑;句中若有there be, that应把which替;先行主中
2、做表语, 避免重复从句里;(Just the only very same last, 其后也要用that;)5.指人可用that who, 以下情况多用who;Those people做先行,There be的结构中;先行指人不定代,从中做主who要在;两个定从一起来,不要重复你有才;6.定从之中少定语,whose为你唱一曲;Whose指人又指物,所属关系要记住。7.As/which在句末,若有否定as错;句首只能用as,还有认知猜想词;固定结构用as, the same /such/so/as;So /such that宾不离,so/suchas宾要弃;8.关系代词到这里,主宾表定作用起;
3、关系代词做宾语,省与不省全靠你;9.关系副词when/where/why, 从中做状莫懈怠;时间用when原因why,地点where经常在;关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代;关系代,关系代,that与who要除外;挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先行;聪明反被聪明误,只因乱用关系副;关系副,关系副,定缺主宾它不住;它不住,它不住,关系代词来玩酷;10.只记上边不可以,特殊情况告诉你;先行用way 做状语, in which/ that /略可以;one of +复做先行,从中谓语复数明,one前若有only/very, 从中谓语定用单 ;定从名从可转换,all that被 what换;定语从句顺口溜分
4、段解析:1. 定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;定语从句分为两大类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,区分它们有两个标准:1)从内容上看,限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密,不可去掉,去掉后意思就不完整了;非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用,去掉后不影响句子的完整性。2)从形式上看,限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开,而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。请看例句:The girl who is wearing a blue necklace is Mary.(限制性)The girl, who is also a student, is planting trees i
5、n the field.(非限制性)解析:第一句中的who is wearing a blue necklace是限制性定语从句,没有逗号,不那去掉,否则意思不完整。定前必有先行词,名代两类最适宜;例句:1)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.有人要和你讲话。2)Those who were for the plan raised their hands.那些赞成计划的举起了手。3)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍
6、。解析:例句中somebody、those是代词,novel是名词,是被定语从句修饰的词,叫做先行词,可以做先行词的是名词和代词两类。定从先行很紧密,代副两词拉关系;定语从句都在先行词之后,连接定从和先行词的词,叫做关系词。关系词有两类:关系代词和关系副词。关系词要注意两点:1)它的人称、数和意思完全等同于先行词,2)关系词在定语从句中做一定的句子成分。例句 1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男生们是一班的。解析:whoboys , 在定语从句中做主语,所以其后谓语用are。例句 2) Football
7、 is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的运动。解析:which=game, 在定语从句中做主语。例句 3)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.我仍然还记得第一次到学校的那一天。解析:when是关系副词on the day, 在定语从句中做时间状语。例句 4)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.十年前我住的房子已经被拆了。解析:where是关系副词in the house,
8、在定语从句中做地点状语。例句 5)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你没赶上飞机的原因。解析:why是关系副词for the reason, 在定语从句中做原因状语。2. 关系代词有六个,听我逐一来说破;六个关系代词是:that/which/ who/ whom/ whose/ as , 注意关系代词在定语从句中做主宾表定语。which表物人用who,人物都有that顾;先行词是物,关系代词用which,也可以用that;先行词是人,关系代词用who,也可以用that;先行词中既有人,又有物,关系代词只能用that。
9、例句 1) This is the mountain village (which/ that ) I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观的那个山村。解析:先行词mountain village是物,可用which或that, 因为定语从句中visit后缺宾语,说明which或that应该在定从中做宾语,所以还可以省略。例句 2)The man(that/whom / who ) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人是我的朋友。解析:先行词man表人,关系词可以用who/that/whom,因为定语从句中缺宾语,关系代词应该在定语
10、从句中做宾语,所以可以省略;另外,whom是专门用来做宾语用的,而who则只是在口语中才用。例句 3)This magazine belongs to the teacher who(that) teaches us history. 这本杂志是我们历史老师的。解析:先行词teacher是人,关系代词用who或that, 因为在定语从句中做主语,所以不能省略。例句 4)He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited. 他谈到了他所见到的老师和学校。解析:先行词 the teachers and schools 中既有
11、人又有物,关系代词只能用 that, 又因为that在定语从句中做宾语,所以又可以省略。which用在逗号后,意表前句你要know;这是which用在非限制性定语从句中的一个用法。例句1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。解析:which是关系代词,指代前面的一句话:他似乎没抓住我的意思。例句2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。解析:which
12、是关系代词,指代前面的一句话:液态水变为蒸汽。who做主语很称职,whom用到宾语里;先行词是表示人的词,定语从句中如果缺主语,要用who做关系代词,如果缺宾语,正规场合下用whom, 口语中也可以用who。例句 1)He is the boy who often goes to school late. 他就是那个经常上学迟到的男生。解析:先行词the boy 指人,后面的定语从句中缺少主语,因此用关系代词who。例句 2)She is the old woman whom I saw this morning. 她就是我今天早晨看到的那位老太太。解析:先行词the old woman指人,
13、后面的定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用whom,口语中也可以用who。3.that用法真有趣, 两个地方它不去;逗号后边它不去, 介词之后不考虑;That做为关系代词,不可用在非限制性定语从句中,即不可用在逗号后边;定语从句中介词之后也不可使用。在逗号或介词后,指物时用which,指人时用who或whom。例句1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that解析:在介词of之后指物,选择C which。例句 2)The engineer with _my fathe
14、r works is about 50 years old. A. whose B. who C. which D. whom 解析:选择 D whom。介词后指人。例句 3)The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 解析:选择 D who。逗号后指人,在定语从句中做主语。 4.That which代表物,区别听我来叙述;先行若是不定代,that就把which 踹;当先行词为anything,everything,nothing,all,any,much,many,
15、one等不定代词时,只能使用“that”, 不用 “which”。例:Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能给你做点什么吗? 先行词前有两数, 就用that定无误;当先行词是基数词或序数词修饰时,只能使用“that”,不用 “which”。例句: That is the second time that I have been to Japan. 那是我去日本的第二次。 The two buildings that lay on the River Thames fell down last week. 坐落在泰晤士河岸边的那两座大楼上星期倒塌了。先行词前最高级, 还用that必无疑;当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,只能使用“that”, 不用 “which”。 例句:This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光。 句中若有there be, that应把which替;例:There is no evidence that animals possess a