Alexander,压力山大,Diogenes,戴奥真尼斯,By Any,He was born in Sinope 斯诺普, an Ionian爱奥尼亚colony殖民地 on the Black Sea, in 412 BC or 404 BC and died at Corinth科林斯 in 323 BC. A Greek philosopher One of the founders of Cynic philosophy,Diogenes,第欧根尼是古希腊哲学中犬儒学派的倡导者传说他接受哲学家安提西尼创立的禁欲主义，立志苦行平时他蓄须赤足，披麻素食，睡洞穴认为人同虫兽，可去除一切欲念时人讥讽他们象“犬”一样生活，故称“犬儒”其实质乃是在被剥夺了自由民权利的古代城帮贫民中一种对希腊大奴隶主的骄淫生活的消极反抗 传说第欧根尼曾在白天打着灯笼寻找诚实的人这也和佛教中提倡的修身苦行相类似，把世上一切享受视作身外之物，可以蔑视这在古代一度被某些人视为高尚的美德Diogenes------in Sinope,Nothing is known about his early life except that his father Hicesias was a banker. It seems likely that Diogenes was also enrolled into the banking business aiding his father. At some point (the exact date is unknown) Diogenes and Hercules became embroiled卷入 in a scandal involving the adulteration or defacement of the currency货币掺假或污损, and Diogenes was kicked out of the city.,Diogenes------in Athens,After being exiled, he moved to Athens to debunk拆穿 cultural conventions. Diogenes modeled himself on the example of Hercules. He believed that virtue was better revealed in action than in theory. He used his lifestyle and behavior to criticize the social values and institutions of what he saw as a corrupt society. He declared himself a cosmopolitan四海为家者，世界主义者.,Diogenes居住在雅典， 是安提斯第尼的弟子。
（Antisthenes）,安提斯泰是 苏格拉底的弟子，约长于 柏拉图二十岁他是一个非常引人注意的人物，在某些方面有似于 托尔斯泰直到苏格拉底死后，他还生活在苏格拉底贵族弟子们的圈子里，并没有表现出任何非正统的征象来 但是有某种东西——也许是雅典的失败，也许是 苏格拉底之死，也许是对哲学诡辩的厌恶——使得他在已经不再年青的时候，鄙弃他从前所重视的东西除了纯朴的善良而外，他不愿意要任何东西他结交工人，并且穿得和工人一样他进行露天讲演，他所用的方式是没有受过教育的人也都能理解的 一切精致的哲学，他都认为毫无价值；凡是一个人所能知道的，普通的人也都能知道他信仰“返于自然”，并把这种信仰贯彻得非常彻底他主张不要政府，不要私有财产，不要婚姻，不要确定的宗教他并不是一个严格的苦行主义者，但是他鄙弃奢侈与一切人为的对感官快乐的追求他说“我宁可疯狂也不愿意欢乐”Diogenes------in Corinth,According to a story, After being captured by pirates and sold into slavery, Diogenes eventually settled in Corinth. There he passed his philosophy of Cynicism to Crates克拉底, who taught it to Zeno季诺, who fashioned it into the school of Stoicism斯多亚学派, one of the most enduring schools of Greek philosophy.,Diogenes -----in Corinth,Diogenes made a virtue of poverty. He begged for a living and slept in a tub in the marketplace. He became notorious声名狼藉 for his philosophical stunts表演，噱头 such as carrying a lamp in the daytime, claiming to be looking for an honest man. He publicly mocked Alexander. He embarrassed Plato, disputed his interpretation演出 of Socrates苏格拉底 and sabotaged搞破坏 his lectures.,Diogenes------death,There are conflicting accounts of Diogenes‘ death. He is alleged宣称 variously to have held his breath; to have become ill from eating raw octopus章鱼; or to have suffered an infected dog bite. The Corinthians erected to his memory a pillar on which rested a dog of Parian地名：帕罗斯marble.,未公开私照,The next photo contains adult contents, under twenty years of age, are not allowed to enter. 下一张图片涉及成人内容，未满二十周岁的小朋友，严禁进入！,Alexander,Alexander the Great, (July 20, 356 BC - June 10, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336-323 BC), and conqueror of the Persian波斯 Empire, is considered one of the greatest military军队 geniuses天赋 of all times and one of the most successful Ancient Greek military commanders in history.,Alexander,He spent his childhood watching his father transforming Macedonia into a great military power, winning victory after victory on the battlefields throughout the Balkans巴尔干半岛. When he was 13, Philip hired the Greek philosopher Aristotle to be Alexander’s personal tutor. During the next three years Aristotle gave Alexander a training in rhetoric修辞学 and literature and stimulated his interest in science, medicine, and philosophy, all of which became of importance in Alexander’s later life.,Alexander succeeded his father to the throne王位 in 336 BC after Philip was assassinated暗杀. Upon Philip‘s death, Alexander inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army. He was awarded the generalship of Greece, and used this authority to launch his father’s military expansion plans. In 334 BC he invaded Persian-ruled Asia Minor小亚细亚 and began a series of campaigns that lasted ten years. Alexander broke the power of Persia in a series of decisive battles. He subsequently后来 overthrew推翻 the Persian king Darius III达瑞耶斯三世 and conquered the entirety of the Persian Empire. At that point his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea亚得里亚海 to the Indus River印度河.,Two years later in 338 BC, Philip gave his son a commanding post among the senior generals as the Macedonian马其顿 army invaded Greece. At the Battle of Chaeronea克罗尼亚 the Greeks were defeated and Alexander displayed his bravery by destroying the elite Greek force. Some ancient historians recorded that the Macedonians won the battle thanks to his bravery.,Seeking to reach the “ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea”, he invaded India in 326 BC, but was eventually forced to turn back at the demand of his troops. Alexander died in Babylon巴比伦 in 323 BC, without executing a series of planned campaigns that would have begun with an invasion of Arabia阿拉伯. In the years following his death a series of civil wars tore his。