《2017年江苏师范大学外国语学院英语语言文学基础知识复试之语言学教程复试实战预测五套卷.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2017年江苏师范大学外国语学院英语语言文学基础知识复试之语言学教程复试实战预测五套卷.doc（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2017年江苏师范大学外国语学院英语语言文学基础知识复试之语言学教程复试实战预测五套卷一、Explain-the-fllowing-terms1 functional morpheme【答案】 This is a subtype of free morphemes, which one consists largely of the functional words in language such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns, for example, “and, about when on , near, the
2、” an so on. 2 division of pragmatic labor【答案】 Horn observes that the Q-based and R-based principles often directly collide and suggests the resolution comes from a division of pragmatic labor，which reads “The use of a marked （relatively complex and/or prolix） expression when a corresponding unmarked
3、 （simpler ，less “effortful”）alternate expression is available tends to be interpreted as conveying a marked message （one which the unmarked alternative would not or could not have conveyed） . 3 Bound morpheme【答案】 Bound morphemes refer to those morphemes that can not occur alone and must appear with
4、at least another morpheme. For example , in the word “careless”，“-less” is a bound morpheme since it could not occur by itself as a word. 4 Corpus【答案】 Corpus is a collection of linguistic data , either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech. The main purpose of a corpus i
5、s to verify a hypothesis about languagefor example , to determine how the application of a particular sound , word , or syntactic construction varies. 5 Denotation【答案】 The core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative
6、 meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. It is the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary meaning, opposite to connotation. 6 Concatenation【答案】 What makes a word separate from other words is that all the letters are lined up together with no intervening spaces. That is, in a word, all
7、 letters are concatenated. Sometimes new words can be made by concatenating two existing wordsfor example, “airline” is a concatenation of the words “air” and “line” into a new word. 7 Assimilation【答案】 It is a process by which one sound takes on some or all the characteristics of a neighboring sound
8、. It is often used synonymously with coarticulation. Nasalization, dentalization and，velarization are all instances of assimilation. There are two possibilities of assimilation: if a following sound is influencing a preceding sound, it is regressive assimilation;the converse process, in which a prec
9、eding sound is influencing a following sound, is known as progressive assimilation. For example, in “mink”，“n”，which is originally pronounced aswill be velarized by the following “k”/k/，and therefore the word will be pronounced as 8 stream of consciousness writing【答案】 The term was originally coined
10、by the philosopher William James in his Principle of Psychology （1890） to describe the free association of ideas and impressions in the mind. It was later applied to the writing of William Faulkner, James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and others experimenting early in the 20th century with the novelistic po
11、rtrayal of the free flow of thought. Note, however, that the majority of thought presentation in novels is not stream of consciousness writing. The examples we have discussed above are not stream of consciousness writing because they are too orderly to constitute the free association of ideas. Perha
12、ps the most famous piece of stream of consciousness writing is that associated with Leopold Bloom in Joyce?s Ulysses. Here he is in a restaurant thinking about oysters.“Filthy shells. Devil to open them too. Who found them out? Garbage, sewage they feed on. Fizz and Red bank oysters. Effect on the s
13、exual. Aphrodis. （sic ） He was in the Red bank this morning. Was he oyster old fish at table. Perhaps he young flesh in bed. No. June has no ar （sic ） no oysters. But there are people like tainted game. Jugged hare. First catch your hare. Chinese eating eggs fifty years old , blue and green again. D
14、inner of thirty courses. Each dish harmless might mix inside. Idea for a poison mystery.66 This cognitive meandering is all in the most free version of direct thought. It is also characterised by a highly elliptical sentence structure , with as many grammatical words as possible being removed consis
15、tently allowing the reader to be able to infer what is going on. The language is not very cohesive ，and breaks the Gricean maxims of Quantity and Manner. But we must assume that apparently unreasonable writing behaviour is related to a relevant authorial purpose. It is the assumption that Joyce is r
16、eally cooperating with us at a deeper level , even though he is apparently making our reading difficult, that leads us to conclude that he is trying to evoke a mind working associatively.二、Essay-question9 What is linguistic relativity and why is it so important in linguistic studies?【答案】 Linguistic relativity is one of the two points in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, which states that distinctions
