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1、Lesson 1 Natural resourcesAnaturalresourceisanythingpeoplecanusewhichcomesfromnature.Peopledonotmakenaturalresources,butgatherthemfromtheearth.Examplesofnaturalresourcesareair,water,wood,crudeoil,solarenergy,windenergy,hydro-electricenergy.自然资源（自然资源（natural resources）:凡是自然物质经过人类的发凡是自然物质经过人类的发现，被输入生产
2、过程，或直接进入消耗过程，变成有用途的，现，被输入生产过程，或直接进入消耗过程，变成有用途的，或能给人以舒适感，从而产生有价值的东西。或能给人以舒适感，从而产生有价值的东西。自然界存在的有用自然物。人类可以利用的、自然生成的物质自然界存在的有用自然物。人类可以利用的、自然生成的物质与能量，是人类生存的物质基础。主要包括气候、生物、水、与能量，是人类生存的物质基础。主要包括气候、生物、水、土地和矿产等土地和矿产等5大资源。大资源。What is Natural Resources?What is Natural Resources?Itcanbedividedintotwokinds,oneis
3、renewable,whiletheotheroneisnon-renewable.Arenewableresourcegrowsagainorcomesbackagainafterweuseit.Forexample,sunlight,water,andtreesarerenewableresources.Anon-renewableresourceisaresourcethatdoesnotgroworcomeback,oraresourcethatwouldtakeaverylongtimetocomeback.Forexample,oil,coal,naturalgasandallot
4、hermineralresources.NaturalResourcesRnewableresourcesNonrenewableresourcesfreshwaterforestlandminesfossilfuels(coal,oilandnaturalgas)Importantnaturalresourcesonland,therearefiveandtheyare:New wordspopulation ：,ppjulein人口人口1.population常与定冠词the连用,作主语用时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。例如:Theworldspopulationisincreasing
5、fasterandfaster.全世界的人口增长得越来越快2.当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:AboutseventypercentofthepopulationinChinaarefarmers.中国大约有百分之七十的人口是农民。3.表示人口的“多”或“少”,不用“much”或“little”,而要用“large”或“small”。例如:Indiahasalargepopulation.印度人口众多。Singaporehasasmallpopulation.新加坡人口少。4.询问某国、某地有多少人口时,不用“Howmuch.?”,而用“Howlarge.
6、?”;在问具体人口时用What.?。例如:你们家乡有多少人口?-Howlargeisthepopulationofyourhometown?Whatisthepopulationofyourhometown?save：seiv节省,节约Tosaveistoget.节约就是赚钱。savenature保护大自然savemoney存钱saveoneslife救命Lesson2 Natural disastersearthquakeswindstormsdroughtTsunamifloodmud-rock flowsSand stormVolcanoDefinitionNatural disaste
7、r is the consequence of a natural hazard, such as floods, droughts, mud-rock flows, tsunami, earthquakes, windstorms and the stretching of new deserts which affects human activities .自然灾害是影响人类活动自然风险，例如洪水，自然灾害是影响人类活动自然风险，例如洪水，干旱、泥石流、海啸、地震，风暴和沙尘暴。干旱、泥石流、海啸、地震，风暴和沙尘暴。Reasons（Why natural disasters occur
8、？）？）There are two reasons:Natural causes(自然原因自然原因)Take earthquake (地震地震) and rock and mud slides for example （泥石流）（泥石流）The earthquake is mainly due to the earths movement change (地壳的运动变化地壳的运动变化)The rock and mud slides chiefly because of successive torrential rains (连续的强降雨连续的强降雨)，In addition, the sta
9、bility of the geological structure （地质结构的稳定性）（地质结构的稳定性）is also very importantcauses of humans errors (人为原因人为原因)1.The atmosphere changed artificially, surface temperature changes caused the changes in core temperature;2.Outer space is disturbed by all kinds of aircraft electromagnetic, affecting the
10、earths magnetic field and solar magnetic field relations;3. Ground water and oil, gas, coal, and others was a lot from the ground quickly , cause the deformed； 4. The surface structure, high pressure caused the changes.1、大气层人为地改变，地、大气层人为地改变，地表温度变化引起地核温度变表温度变化引起地核温度变化；化；2、外层空间被各种飞行器、外层空间被各种飞行器的电磁严重干扰
11、，影响了地的电磁严重干扰，影响了地球磁场以及与太阳系磁场关球磁场以及与太阳系磁场关系的变化；系的变化；3、地下水、石油、天然气、地下水、石油、天然气、煤炭、以及其它矿藏被从地煤炭、以及其它矿藏被从地下大量地快速地开采出来，下大量地快速地开采出来，引起地壳变形；引起地壳变形；4、地表建筑高耸入云，引、地表建筑高耸入云，引起地表压力变化。起地表压力变化。Disadvantage and advantage1.摧毁房屋，使人民居无定所。摧毁房屋，使人民居无定所。Destroy the house, so no fixed abode.2.影响交通，电力，水利设施。影响交通，电力，水利设施。Affec
12、ted traffic, the electricity and water conservancy facilities.3.影响收成，影响收成， 给人民生活带来不便。给人民生活带来不便。Affected crop, and an inconvenience to the peoples livelihood.4.造成巨大经济损失，对国家和人民均不利。造成巨大经济损失，对国家和人民均不利。Enormous economic loss to the country and people are adverse.Advantage：Make people understand the impor
13、tance of harmony with nature，then do their best to protect the environment.New wordsearthquake :kweikn.地震e.g.:1.Didyouexperienceanearthquake?你经历过地震吗？2.Aterrificearthquake shookjapan.可怕的地震震撼了日本3.Astrongearthquake tookplaceinSichuan.四川发生了一场强烈地震。dangerdeindn.危险1.表示做某事的危险或发生某情况的危险等，通常后接ofin(doing)sthThe
14、childrendidntrealizethedangerofswimmingintheriver.孩子们没有意识到在这河里游泳的危险Isthereanydangerinclimbingthetree?爬这树有危险吗?2.indanger(of)，意为“在危险中Hislifeisindanger.他有生命危险。Heisindangeroflosinghislife.他有生命危险Grammar表示：1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g.Igotoschoolonfoot.2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g.Hecanswim.Iworkhard.IlikewatchingTV
15、.3)表示客观真理e.g.Therearesevendaysinaweek.Themoonmovesroundtheearth.其结构按正常语序，即其结构按正常语序，即“主语主语+谓语谓语+其它其它”一般现在时其句式变化可分为两种情况其句式变化可分为两种情况1)表示动作，表示动作，一般人称作主语的，变一般人称作主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词否定句须在动词前加助动词dont；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。E.g.Theyhavelunchat12:00.Theydonthavelunchat12:00.Dotheyhavelunchat12:00?2）单三人称
16、做主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesnt；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。E.g.JennyspeaksEnglishverywell.JennydoesntspeakEnglishverywell.DoesJennyspeakEnglishverywell?含有含有be动词动词的要在be上做变化.E.g.Dannyisagoodstudent.Dannyisntagoodstudent.IsDannyagoodstudent?其时间状语其时间状语为often、usually、always、sometimes等频率副词，onSaturdays、inthemorning(after
17、noonevening)、everyday等。1Jenny_inanoffice.Herparents_inahospital.Awork;worksBworks;workCwork;areworkingDisworking;work2Oneoftheboys_ablackhat.AhaveBthereisCthereareDhas3Wewillgoshoppingifit_tomorrow.AdontrainBdidntrainCdoesntrainDisntrain4Hesaidthesun_intheeastand_inthewest.Arose;setBrises;setsCrises
18、,setDrise;sets5WangMei_musicandoften_tomusic.Alike;listenBlikes;listensClike;arelisteningDliking;listenBDcBB一.用法：表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。二、构成：肯定句：主语+动词的过去式否定句：主语+didnt+动原一般问句：Did+主语+动原一般过去时一般过去时Grammar三三.与什么时间连用与什么时间连用1.yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterdaymorning,yesterdayafternoon
19、,yesterdayevening,2.lastweek,lastyear,lastMonday,lastnight,lastsummer,lastJanuary3.twodaysago,threemonthsago,amomentago,justnow规则动词过去式的构成1、一般情况下，加-ed。 ask - asked help - helped watch - watched2、结尾是“e”的词，加-d。 dance - danced love - loved live - lived3、重读闭音节词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。stop - stopped
20、 drop - dropped beg - begged4、以辅音字母加y结尾的词，改y为i，再加-ed。carry - carried study - studied hurry - hurriedGrammargrow-grewknow-knewthrow-threwblow-blewwrite-wrotedrive-droveride-rodeget-gotforget-forgotlend-lentsend-sentspend-spentsay-said*/sed/pay-paidstand-stoodunderstand-understoodlet-letput-putcut-cut
21、read-read*am,is-wasare-weredo-didgo-wenthave-hadsee-sawcan-couldmay-mightdig-dugeat-atefind-foundmake-madehear-heardrun-rantake-tookhold-heldspeak-spokeleave-leftkeep-keptsleep-sleptsweep-swepttell-toldsell-soldbegin-begansing-sangsit-satswim-swamring-ranggive-gavebring-broughtbuy-boughtthink-though
22、tteach-taughtcatch-caughtcome-camebecome-became不规则动词的过去式不规则动词的过去式Grammar用括号里动词的适当形式填空。用括号里动词的适当形式填空。1.He_(read)thatbooklastweek.2.Lastnighthe_(arrive)justintimefortheshow.3.Mary_(marry)Thomasyesterday.4.Tom_(show)uswheretositatthemeetingyesterday.5.Lastsummerwe_(visit)UncleJack.6.It_(rain)almostever
23、ydaylastmonth.7.John_(like)toplaypianowhenhewasinsecondaryschool.8.Betty_(work)hardalllastyear.9.We_(change)thecolorofouruniformslastChristmas.10.LastyearFrances_(buy)hermotheraprettywatchforherbirthday.readarrivedmarriedshowedvisitedrainedlikedworkedchangedbought语法练习语法练习让让我我们们从从点点滴滴做做起起，身身体体力力行行，共共
24、同同为为安安全全美美好好的的生生活活环环境境努努力力！让让我我们们谱谱写写出出人人与与自自然然共共存存的的和和谐谐音音符符！Lesson 3 Environmental protection1.Reduce the discharge of Co2: Require us make sure, economize on electricity (generate electricity, take, burn coal), turn on little car, keep the temperature on the earth; 2. Protect the forest and ocean
25、 well; 3. Plant trees;4. Reduce the architecture height in the earths surface, make the pressure of the earths surface invariable;5.Reduce the exploitation of groundwater, petroleum, natural gas, coal, and other mineral deposit, keep the form of the earths surface; 6.Improve ones own consciousness,
26、make sure people get along with the nature harmoniously.1.减少减少co2的排放：要求我们做到节约用电（发电要燃烧煤炭），少开汽车的排放：要求我们做到节约用电（发电要燃烧煤炭），少开汽车,保保持地球的温度；持地球的温度；2.保护好森林和海洋；保护好森林和海洋；3.植树造林；植树造林；4.降低地表建筑高度，使地表压力恒定；降低地表建筑高度，使地表压力恒定；5.减少地下水、石油、天然气、煤炭、以及其它矿藏的开采，保持地表形状；减少地下水、石油、天然气、煤炭、以及其它矿藏的开采，保持地表形状；6.提高自身意识，做到人与自然和谐相处。提高自身意识
27、，做到人与自然和谐相处。SOLUSIONS 一般将来时 (the future tense) 一般将来时表示在将来某一时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。它常与表示将来的时间状语如soon, tomorrow, next week, in a few days, the day after tomorrow等连用。 结构：begoingto+动词原形will+动词原形肯定式肯定式: 主语+will+动词原形+其他主语+begoingto+动词原形+其他否定式否定式: 主语+will+not+动词原形+其他.主语+benotgoingto+动词原形
28、+其他疑问式疑问式: Will+主语+动词原形+其他Be+主语+goingto+动词原形+其他简略回答简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+begoingto/will. (否)No,主语+benotgoingto/will+notnextweekWhatishegoingtodonextweek?Heisgoingtogofishing.thiseveningWhatisthemousegoingtodothisevening?Itisgoingtodoitshomework.Theyaregoingtodance.Whataretheygoingtodo?Shesgoingtoshop/gosh
29、opping.What is she going to do?exercises我明天要去看望我的奶奶。我明天要去看望我的奶奶。 几星期后我们要进行野餐。几星期后我们要进行野餐。. 我妹妹下星期要去游泳。我妹妹下星期要去游泳。 星期天他们要去听音乐。星期天他们要去听音乐。I _tomorrow.We_inafewweeks.Mysister_nextweek.They _onSunday.am going to visit my grandmaare going tohave a picnicis going toswimare going tolisten to the music 现在完成
30、时现在完成时1.概念.现在完成时表示在过去某个时间做过的，发生过的事情，这种行为对目前的影响还存在，还可以表示到目前为止曾经经历或没有经历的事情。2.它通常和already,yet,just,before,recently,ever,never,twice,等词连用。现在现在完成完成时的构成形式时的构成形式 have + done has过去过去分词分词主语主语+规则动词过去分词的构成规则动词过去分词的构成1. 一般在动词后直接加一般在动词后直接加-ed构成规则构成规则2. 以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的动词，结尾的动词， 直接加直接加-d3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的末尾只有一个辅音字母的 重读闭
31、音节词，先双写这重读闭音节词，先双写这 个辅音字母，再加个辅音字母，再加-ed 4.结尾是结尾是“辅音字母辅音字母+y”的动词，的动词， 先变先变“y”为为“i”再加再加-ed 例词例词looklookedplayplayedlivelivedhopehopedstopstoppedplanplannedstudystudiedcarrycarried不规则动词过去分词的构成不规则动词过去分词的构成1. 三个主要动词三个主要动词 is, ambe arewaswerebeenhave/hashadhaddo/doesdiddone2. AAA型型 （三者一致）（三者一致）cut cut cut
32、let let letput put putcost cost cost read read read3. ABA型型 （过去分词与原形一致）（过去分词与原形一致）come came comebecome became becomerun ran run4. ABB型型 （过去分词与过去式一致）（过去分词与过去式一致）bring brought broughtfind found foundhear heard heardkeep kept keptmake made made此外还有此外还有leave, win, tell, spend, say，meet等等。等等。5. ABC型型 （三者
33、不一致）（三者不一致）eat ate eatengive gave givenwrite wrote writtensee saw seenget got gottenbegin began begun此外还有此外还有go, take, know, speak, swim等等。等等。.肯定句：主语肯定句：主语 have/has+过去分词其他成分。过去分词其他成分。现在完成时态的句式：现在完成时态的句式：.否定句：否定句：主语主语have/has+not+过去分词其他成分。过去分词其他成分。 3 3.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语主语过去分词其他成分？过去分词其他成分？ 4.4.
34、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have/has其他成分？其他成分？肯定句：肯定句：Ihavecleanedmybedroom.否定句：否定句：Ihaventcleanedmybedroom.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Haveyoucleanedyourbedroom?现在完成时现在完成时1.在过去不确定时间发生，但对现在造成了影响。Tom：Hi, Sam. We are having lunch.Do you want to have lunch with me?Sam: No, thank you.I have already had lunch.I had lunch at 1
35、2:30.现在完成时的构成：现在完成时的构成： have/has + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词1）标志词标志词:already:yet:多用于陈述句，位于多用于陈述句，位于have/has后，有时位于句末。后，有时位于句末。e.g.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。用于疑问句和否定句，位于句尾。e.g.Haveyoufoundyourlostbookyet?Ihaventhadbreakfastyet.ever :never:多用于疑问句，问初次经历。多用于疑问句，问初次经历。e.g.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing
36、?用于否定句，位于用于否定句，位于have/has后后e.g.Hehasneverarguedwithotherpeople.just :before:多用于陈述句，位于多用于陈述句，位于have/has后后可用于各句式，位于句尾。可用于各句式，位于句尾。e.g. Lucy has just washed her clothes.e.g. He hasnt been abroad before.2）无标志词的：）无标志词的：e.g.Heisnotfeelingwellnow.Hehascaughtacold.Ihavelostthekey.Icantgointomyroom.Exercises
37、v1.I_(have)lunchalready.v2.Hasthetrain_(arrive),yet?v3.Tome_never_(beto)China.v4.Thetwin_just_(see)myfather.have hadarrivedhasbeen tohasseeneg: We have lived in this city for ten years.He has been there in the rain for an hour.She has taught in this school since two years ago.We have known each othe
38、r since we met.2.表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作. ( 动词：延续性，时间：到现在) 标志词标志词:1）for +一段时间一段时间e.g. We have lived in this city for ten years.2）since +过去点时间过去点时间 since +一段时间一段时间+ago since +从句（从句用一般过去式）从句（从句用一般过去式）3）sofar,once/twice/threetimes,alloneslifee.g.Theyhavelearnt2000wordssofar.Tomhasseenthefilmtwice.Herfatherhas
39、workedinthefactoryallhislife.4）inthepast+一段时间一段时间duringthelast+一段时间一段时间e.g.Theyhavebuiltmanyhighbuildingsinthepastthreeyears.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownduringthelasttwoyearsIvebeenheresince1999.Shesbeenthereforanhour.for: 引导的短语表示一段时间，如：引导的短语表示一段时间，如：for ten yearssince：引导的短语表示时间点，意为：引导的短语表
40、示时间点，意为“自从自从以来以来”，如，如since 1982练习：请在下列时间前填上for或since：1._tenmonths2._19953._fiveyears4._3minutesago现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：现在完成时，现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。在的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。生过这一动作，与现在无关。 have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeenin曾经去过
41、某地曾经去过某地到某地去了到某地去了在某地呆了多长时间在某地呆了多长时间1.A:WheresJim,LiLei?B:He_hisschoollibrary.2.TheGreens_Chinaforthreeyears.3.We_theGreatWalltwice.Itsverybeautiful.hasgonetohavebeeninhavebeento注意：注意：单项选择单项选择1.Have you locked the door_?A.already B. yet C. ever D. never答案：答案：B 在现在完成时里，在现在完成时里，yet通常用于疑问句和否定句，通常用于疑问句和
42、否定句，already则常用于则常用于肯定句。肯定句。2.Hes never _ the film.A.see B.saw C.seeing D.seenanswer:D 注意：因为注意：因为never常用于现在完成时，由此判断出常用于现在完成时，由此判断出Hes是是He has的缩写而不是的缩写而不是He is的缩写。的缩写。3.Where is your brother? He _to Dalian, and he_ there 4 times.A. has been; has gone B. has gone; has beenanswer:D have/has been to和和have/has gone to的区别：的区别：1）前者表示某）前者表示某人去过某地（一种经历）；后者表示某人去某地了（在去某地途中或人去过某地（一种经历）；后者表示某人去某地了（在去某地途中或已到某地）。已到某地）。2）前者可以和）前者可以和once(一次，曾经一次，曾经)，twice, 4 times, never, ever等词连用。后者不能与上述时间短语连用。等词连用。后者不能与上述时间短语连用。
