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1、专题十八说明文和议论文-2-真题演练(2015浙江)Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford,Ive watched one friend after another land high-ranking,high-paying Wall Street jobs.As executives(高级管理人员)with banks,consulting firms,established law firms,and major corporations,many are now 21on their way to impressive caree
2、rs.By societys 22,they seem to have it made.-3-On the surface,these people seem to be very lucky in life.As they left student life behind,many had a 23 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar,shook hands with longtime roommates,and 24out of small apartments into high buildings.They made reservat
3、ions at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 25a college years monthly rent.They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.The thing is,a number of them have 26that despite their success,they arent happy.Some 27of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workwe
4、eks devoted to tasks they 28.Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 29.However,instead of devoting themselves to their work,they find themselves working to support the 30to which they have so quickly become 31.-4-People often speak of trying a more satisfying p
5、ath,and 32in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they 33or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion:its 34.They have loans,bills,a mortgage(抵押贷款) to 35,retirement to save for.They recognize theres s
6、omething 36in their lives,but its 37 to step off the track.In a society that tends to 38everything in terms of dollars and cents,we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our 39in financial terms.But what about the personal and social costs 40 in pursuing money over meaning?These are exactl
7、y the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignoreand the very ones we need to consider most.-5-21.A.muchB.neverC.seldomD.well22.A.policiesB.standardsC.experimentsD.regulations23.A.lastB.leastC.secondD.best24.A.cycledB.movedC.slidD.looked25.A.sharedB.paidC.equaledD.collected26.A.advertisedB.witnessedC.a
8、dmittedD.demanded27.A.complainB.dreamC.hearD.approve28.A.distributeB.hateC.applaudD.neglect29.A.calmB.guiltyC.warmD.empty30.A.familyB.governmentC.lifestyleD.project-6-31.A.accustomedB.appointedC.uniqueD.available32.A.yetB.alsoC.insteadD.rather33.A.let outB.turn inC.give upD.believe in34.A.fundamenta
9、lB.practicalC.impossibleD.unforgettable35.A.take offB.drop offC.put offD.pay off36.A.missingB.inspiringC.sinkingD.shining37.A.harmfulB.hardC.usefulD.normal38.A.measureB.sufferC.digestD.deliver39.A.disastersB.motivationsC.campaignsD.decisions40.A.assessedB.involvedC.coveredD.reduced-7-8-9-10-11-【答案解析
10、】21.D作者的朋友们接受过高等教育,算是社会的精英分子,他们在各大公司做得风生水起,完全处于通往令人赞叹的职业生涯的途中。well此处表示程度,意为“完全地,彻底地”。22.B作者的这些朋友,依照社会的标准来衡量,似乎很容易获取成功。句中的have it made意为“有成功的把握,很容易办到”。23.A根据下文内容可知,因为这些人获得了成功,他们不可能再去那些低档次的地方消费,所以他们在廉价但气氛友好的当地酒吧最后一次喝酒。24.Bmove out of意为“脱离,摆脱”,此处指的是作者的这些朋友从小的公寓里搬出来,住进了高楼里。25.C此处描述朋友们奢侈的生活方式,他们预订座位的饭店饭菜
11、昂贵,一瓶酒的价格等同于大学里一个月的房租。-12-26.C问题是,他们中的一些人承认,虽然他们成功了,但是他们并不快乐。27.Acomplain of是固定短语,意为“抱怨”,他们抱怨同事们不友好。28.B根据前面的feel sad for可知,这些工作是他们不喜欢做的,所以他们对一天八小时的工作感到烦恼。29.D此处继续描述那些成功人士的烦恼,一些人不尊重他们效力的公司,说自己感到厌倦和空虚。30.C然而,这些人不是全身心地投入工作,他们发觉自己工作的目的只是为了维持那种他们很快就习惯了的生活方式。31.A分析句子结构,to which they have so quickly becom
12、e accustomed是定语从句,修饰lifestyle。become accustomed to是固定短语,意为“习惯于,对变得习以为常”。-13-32.A人们经常说尝试一种更令人满意的道路,可是最终,人们只是说说而已,没有人真的舍弃一切,改变固有的生活模式。yet 意为“可是”。33.D有些人想过放弃自己的工作去为他们信仰的某些事情而工作,或者找到一个让他们有更多时间陪伴家人的职位。34.C上述的内容只是停留在很多人的想象中,最终,他们得出相同的结论:这是不可能的事情。35.D人们的美好想法最终败给了现实:他们需要支付贷款、账单,他们要付清抵押贷款,他们要为退休后的生活攒钱。36.A他们
13、意识到在生活中某些东西失去了,但是脱离原有的生活轨道是很难的事情。37.B根据上文内容可知,现实生活中的人们,总是为生计所累,不可能说走就走,说离开就离开,所以脱离原有的生活轨道是不容易做到的。-14-38.A我们现在生活的社会是以金钱来衡量一切的,所以我们从很小的时候就学会了从金钱的角度去考虑我们做出的决定的经济成本。39.D根据上文内容可知,很多人之所以放弃自己的决定,就是觉得不合算,这个“合算”当然是从金钱的角度来衡量的。40.Binvolved in作后置定语,修饰costs,意为“卷入,涉及”。作者反问:卷入到金钱至上中的个人成本和社会成本怎么计算呢?-15-A(2018河北衡水模拟
14、)As a child,I was always told to “eat my greens”,the unappealing vegetables that all looked and tasted 1.Facing so many other delicious treats to 2.,why eat boring vegetables?Since then my taste buds have3. and Im also fully aware of the health benefits of eating fresh vegetables.But we still need 4
15、. of the amazing goodness these green super foods give us.In the UK,a campaign has been 5. for several years to encourage us to eat our “5 A Day”five portions of fruit and vegetables.Thats 6. evidence has shown significant health 7. to getting at least five 80g portions of a variety of fruit and veg
16、etables every day.-16-But I struggle trying to fit these five portions into my daily 8.,partly because I have a sweet 9. and vegetables are,well,tasteless.Researchers have been 10. how to make eating vegetables more 11.They analysed the psychology behind our food 12. and found that most of us are 13
17、. by taste.Studies show people 14. to think of healthier options as less tasty for some reason.A project called VeggieEAT has also been trying to get people to 15. more vegetables.Project leader believes in 16. encouraging people into eating the right things.One idea has been to put a 17. of a tasty
18、 looking fruit on a supermarket trolley as a 18. about buying something from the fruit store.Choice is a really 19. thing.But aking vegetables look attractive will increase their sales.-17-Certainly,even if it just 20. like a carrot,eating“twisted citrus-glazed carrots” does make us eat more vegetab
19、les then that can only be a good thing.1.A.disgustingB.deliciousC.ripenD.sweet2.A.buyB.prepareC.offerD.enjoy3.A.appearedB.developedC.existedD.shrank4.A.remindingB.informingC.warningD.talking5.A.planningB.aimingC.runningD.intending6.A.whyB.howC.whenD.because-18-7.A.needsB.benefitsC.issuesD.risks8.A.d
20、ietB.educationC.workD.exercise9.A.tendencyB.preferenceC.toothD.appetite10.A.showingB.discoveringC.reportingD.studying11.A.appropriateB.attractiveC.beneficialD.independent12.A.choicesB.valuesC.wastesD.judgments13.A.confusedB.disturbedC.motivatedD.challenged-19-14.A.manageB.decideC.agreeD.tend15.A.gro
21、wB.eat C.storeD.harvest16.A.slowlyB.suddenlyC.firmlyD.seriously17.A.varietyB.lotC.pictureD.number18.A.signB.concernC.clueD.hint19.A.easyB.complexC.quickD.casual20.A.looksB.smellsC.tastesD.feels-20-【语篇解读】本文是说明文。蔬菜对健康有益,这是一个众人皆知的道理。然而,我们有时候会因为偏爱其他食物的口味而对吃青菜感到很不情愿。本文探讨一项旨在提倡人们多吃青菜的研究,并介绍一些商家用来吸引顾客购买蔬菜的
22、销售技巧。1.A词义辨析题。A项“令人恶心的”;B项“美味的”;C项“成熟的”;D项“甜的”。根据“the unappealing vegetables”和“boring vegetables”可知,作者认为这些蔬菜不好吃,令人厌恶,所以答案为A项。2.D词义辨析题。根据该句“so many other delicious treats”可知,有其他美味供人享受,谁还会吃无味的蔬菜呢?答案为D项。3.B词义辨析题。A项“出现,显现”;B项“开发,发展,形成,进步,冲洗胶片”;C项“存在”;D项“缩水,收缩”。句意:从那以后,我的味蕾就发展(即改变)了,我还充分意识到了吃新鲜蔬菜对健康的益处。答
23、案为B项。-21-4.A词义辨析题。根据上一句“.the health benefits of eating fresh vegetables”可知,要时刻提醒自己记得(remind)这些绿色“超级食品”给我们的身体带来的惊人益处。答案为A项。5.C词义辨析题。句意:在英国,世界卫生组织为鼓励人们“每天吃5份果蔬”而发起的宣传活动已经进行了好多年。分析句意可知,只有run才有“运转,进行,经营”之意,所以答案为C项。6.D词义辨析题。根据上文可知,宣传活动之所以持续了好多年是因为有证据表明,人们每天至少食用5份80 g的水果和蔬菜会对健康有很大益处。答案为D项。7.B行文逻辑题。A项“需要”;
24、B项“利益,益处”;C项“问题”;D项“风险”。根据上文及上一题的分析可知答案为B项。8.A词义辨析题。句意:我仍在努力把这5份果蔬纳入日常饮食中。根据句意可知答案为A项。-22-9.C语法功能题。A项“趋势,倾向”;B项“偏爱,优先权”;C项“牙齿,偏好,嗜好”;D项“胃口,食欲”。句意:部分原因是我爱吃甜食,而且觉得蔬菜很无味。have a sweet tooth为固定短语,意思是“喜欢甜食”,所以答案为C项。10.D词义辨析题。句意:研究人员一直在研究如何让蔬菜更具吸引力。根据句意可知答案为D项。11.B词义辨析题。A项“合适的,恰当的,正确的”;B项“有吸引力的”;C项“有益的”;D项
25、“独立的”。根据上句“vegetables are,well,tasteless”可知,因为蔬菜无味,人们不喜欢吃,因此研究人员一直在研究如何让蔬菜更具吸引力。答案为B项。12.A词义辨析题。A项“选择,抉择”;B项“价值,价值观,有价值的东西”;C项“废弃物,垃圾”;D项“判断”。他们分析了我们选择食物时的心理。答案为A项。-23-13.C词义辨析题。A项“使迷惑”;B项“打扰,打断”;C项“使有动机,促动,激发”;D项“挑战”。根据句意可知,大部分人选择食物都是受味道的驱使。答案为C项。14.D词义辨析题。研究表明,人们会因为某种原因而倾向于认为越健康的食物越难吃。答案为D项。15.B行文
26、逻辑题。在欧洲,名为VeggieEAT的项目一直在尝试找出能让人们多吃蔬菜的方法。根据上下文可知答案为B项,eat在文中多次出现。16.A文化常识题。项目的领导人认为要慢慢地鼓励人们进食恰当的食物。根据常识可知,想让人们接受某种东西,要慢慢地进行。答案为A项。17.C词义辨析题。其中一个想法是,把看起来很美味的水果图片放在超市的购物车上,以此来暗示消费者去水果区购买东西。答案为C项。-24-18.D词义辨析题。A项“记号,符号”;B项“关心,顾虑,在意”;C项“线索,提示”;D项“暗示,提示,迹象”。根据上一题的分析可知答案为D项。19.B词义辨析题。A项“容易的,轻松的,方便的”;B项“复杂
27、的”;C项“快速地”;D项“临时的,随意的,随便的”。根据上文内容可知,让人们多吃蔬菜,选择健康的蔬菜水果过程是很复杂的,所以答案为B项。20.C词义辨析题。虽然尝起来像是胡萝卜,但“麻花橘釉胡萝卜”确实能让人们多吃蔬菜也是好事情。答案为C项。-25-B(2018安徽安庆二模)People tend to seek happiness.1. Ive finished with many books,I come to the 2. that happiness is a choice.We can feel happy or unhappy just by 3. our thoughts!I
28、think most people are unhappy because they pay 4. attention to whats happening outsidethey might think theyre too fat or they 5. their jobs.These 6. thoughts can put their personalities under pressure.Another important reason may be that they lack the 7. attitude towards others.If they think they 8.
29、 everything others do for them,theyll never feel happy.-26-Actually,we all have a sense of happiness inside waiting to 9.What we have to do is let it out.Surprisingly,many of us place such a low 10. on ourselves that we lower the 11. of everything we do.12. we should make the decision today to value
30、 ourselves.When someone 13. for help,dont refuse.Just make sure they know the value of your help.14.yourself that you can decide whether to behappy on your own.Dont worry about genetics(遗传).15. your dad is not the happiest man,it doesnt mean you are unhappy.If you choose to be happy,you can 16. look
31、 on the bright side of life.Take 17. and be proud of the choices you have made.-27-Try giving some of your time to a 18. career.For example,the more time you spend volunteering,the happier youll be.This is an opportunity to 19. new experiences,meet new people and learn new 20.1.A.UnlessB.WhenC.Thoug
32、hD.Before2.A.forceB.agreementC.ideaD.conclusion3.A.changingB.scanningC.polishingD.updating4.A.littleB.muchC.someD.less5.A.appreciateB.likeC.doubtD.hate-28-6.A.badB.positiveC.ridiculousD.meaningful7.A.thoughtfulB.friendlyC.gratefulD.hopeful8.A.abandonB.absorbC.deserveD.possess9.A.give outB.burst outC
33、.die downD.break down10.A.valueB.purposeC.spiritD.decision11.A.targetB.requestC.functionD.quality12.A.OrB.SoC.ButD.As-29-13.A.searchesB.chargesC.reachesD.asks14.A.RetellB.InformC.RemindD.Persuade15.A.In caseB.SinceC.Even ifD.Whether16.A.alwaysB.neverC.stillD.even17.A.effectB.careC.noticeD.responsibi
34、lity18.A.constantB.worthyC.diverseD.curious19.A.gainB.masterC.analyzeD.improve20.A.activitiesB.adventuresC.skillsD.benefits-30-【语篇解读】本文是议论文。人们都倾向于寻求幸福。幸福是一种选择,只要改变我们的思想,我们就能感受到快乐!1.B语法功能题。根据句意可知,此处是when引导的时间状语从句。答案为B项。2.D词义辨析题。A项“力量,武力”;B项“协议,一致”;C项“想法,主意”;D项“结论”。作者得出的结论是:幸福是一种选择。答案为D项。3.A词义辨析题。A项“改
35、变”;B项“浏览”;C项“擦亮,润色,抛光”;D项“更新”。句意:快乐或不快乐只是取决于我们思想认识的改变。根据句意可知答案为A项。4.B词义辨析题。句意:我想大多数人不快乐是因为他们太过于关注外在的东西。根据句意可知答案为B项。-31-5.D词义辨析题。A项“欣赏,感激”;B项“喜欢”;C项“怀疑”;D项“讨厌,厌恶,憎恨”。句意:他们可能会认为自己太胖了,或者厌烦自己的工作。根据句意可知答案为D项。6.A词义辨析题。A项“坏的,差的”;B项“积极的”;C项“荒谬可笑的”;D项“有意义的”。上文提到他们嫌弃自己太胖,讨厌自己的工作可知,这些糟糕的想法会让他们承受巨大压力。答案为A项。7.C词
36、义辨析题。A项“深思的”;B项“友好的”;C项“感激的”;D项“有希望的”。句意:另一个重要原因可能是他们缺乏对他人的感恩态度。根据句意可知答案为C项。8.C词义辨析题。A项“遗弃,放弃”;B项“吸收”;C项“应得,应受,值得”;D项“拥有”。句意:如果他们认为自己理应得到别人为他们做的一切,他们就永远不会感到幸福。根据句意可知答案为C项。-32-9.B行为逻辑题。A项“分发,发出”;B项“突然,突发”;C项“逐渐消失或减弱”;D项“坏了,垮台,分解”。根据句意及下一句中的“let it out”可知,我们都有一种等待迸发的幸福感。答案为B项。10.A词义辨析题。A项“价值,价值观”;B项“目
37、的”;C项“精神,幽灵”;D项“决定”。句意:令人惊讶的是,我们中的很多人都把自己的价值贬低了,以至于我们降低了所做的每件事的质量。根据句意可知答案为A项。11.D词义辨析题。A项“靶子,目标”;B项“请求,要求”;C项“功能”;D项“质量,品质,素质”。根据上一题的分析可知答案为D项。12.B行文逻辑题。句意:因此,我们今天应该做出决定来评估我们自己。当有人寻求帮助时,不要拒绝,只要确保他们知道你的帮助的价值。根据上下文联系可知这里是因果关系,所以答案为B项。-33-13.D语法功能题。A项“搜索,寻找”;B项“要价,收费,充电,控告”;C项“到达,抵达”;D项“询问,要求,需要,请求”。根
38、据上一题的分析可知答案为D项。ask sb.for help“寻求帮助”。14.C词义辨析题。A项“复述”;B项“通知,告知”;C项“提醒,使想起”;D项“说服,规劝”。根据句意可知,我们要不断提醒自己,快乐与否是由自己决定的。答案为C项。15.C语法功能题。句意:即使你的父亲不是最快乐的人,也并不意味着你不快乐。分析句意可知,这里需要用even if引导让步状语从句,所以答案为C项。16.A词义辨析题。句意:选择快乐,你总能看到生活的光明面。根据句意可知答案为A项。17.D词义辨析题。A项“影响,后果”;B项“关心,在意”;C项“通知”;D项“责任”。句意:承担责任,并为自己的选择感到骄傲。根据句意可知答案为D项。-34-18.B词义辨析题。A项“持续不断的”;B项“值得的”;C项“多种多样的”;D项“好奇的”。句意:试着把你的一些时间花在一种有价值的职业上。根据句意可知答案为B项。19.A词义辨析题。A项“获得,收获”;B项“精通,掌握”;C项“分析”;D项“提高,改善”。根据句意可知,这是一个获得新体验、结识新朋友、学习新技能的机会。答案为A项。20.C词义辨析题。A项“活动”;B项“冒险”;C项“技能”;D项“利益,好处”。根据上一题分析可知答案为C项。
