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1、Qin XiaoluP60在今年春晚，由众多影视和娱乐明星表演的在今年春晚，由众多影视和娱乐明星表演的诗歌朗诵节目诗歌朗诵节目温暖温暖2008鼓舞了民族士气，鼓舞了民族士气，歌颂了雪灾赈灾义举。歌颂了雪灾赈灾义举。Anepic-Warm2008-praisingdisaster-reliefefforts,waspennedbyleadingpoetstoboostnationalmorale.Itwasexpressivelyrecitedandmovinglyperformedbyfamousartists,TVanchorsandentertainmentstarsinSpringFes
2、tivaleveninggalaonChinaCentralTelevision(CCTV)onWednesdaynight.据报道据报道 it is reported据据报道报道 according to a report by.援引援引 的报道的报道: was quoted as saying据据统计统计 according to statistics released by 透露透露 : disclosed / revealed that据据证实证实 as confirmed新华社新华社 Xinhua News Agency在在讲这番话的讲这番话的 : made the remark w
3、hen中国与俄罗斯在联合国共同向裁军谈判会中国与俄罗斯在联合国共同向裁军谈判会议全体会议提交草案，建议制定新的国际议全体会议提交草案，建议制定新的国际条约，禁止使用太空武器。条约，禁止使用太空武器。China and Russia submitted to a UN-sponsored disarmament conference a joint proposal for an international treaty to ban the deployment of weapons in outer space.这里，太空武器表达为这里，太空武器表达为“weapons in outer sp
4、ace”, 简化说法为简化说法为“space arms”，部署太空武器表达为，部署太空武器表达为“deployment of weapons in outer space”。在今年春晚，由众多影视和娱乐明星表演在今年春晚，由众多影视和娱乐明星表演的诗歌朗诵节目的诗歌朗诵节目温暖温暖2008鼓舞了鼓舞了民族士气，歌颂了雪灾赈灾义举。民族士气，歌颂了雪灾赈灾义举。An epic - Warm 2008 - praising disaster-relief efforts, was penned by leading poets to boost national morale. It was ex
5、pressively recited and movingly performed by famous artists, TV anchors and entertainment stars in Spring Festival evening gala on China Central Television (CCTV) on Wednesday night.Gala 一词作名词用时，意为一词作名词用时，意为“欢庆，特别演出，表示欢庆欢庆，特别演出，表示欢庆的演出的演出”She starred at a fund-raising gala. 她是筹款义演中的主角。她是筹款义演中的主角。gal
6、a adj.“欢庆的；欢乐的欢庆的；欢乐的” a gala night中央气象台发布暴雪橙色预警，预计周中央气象台发布暴雪橙色预警，预计周五（五（1日）晚到周六（日）晚到周六（2日）我国中部、日）我国中部、东部、南部地区将有新一轮强降雪。东部、南部地区将有新一轮强降雪。The National Meteorological Center issued an orange alert, saying snow and sleet will sweep across central, eastern and southern regions from Friday night through Sa
7、turday.橙色预警表达为橙色预警表达为orange alert, 为暴雪预警信号里面强度第二为暴雪预警信号里面强度第二的警报。暴雪预警信号分五级，的警报。暴雪预警信号分五级，由弱到强分别用绿色由弱到强分别用绿色green、蓝、蓝色色blue、黄色、黄色yellow、橙色、橙色orange、红色、红色red表示。表示。alert 警报，警惕警报，警惕恐怖威胁预警恐怖威胁预警 terror alert布什政府宣布，将美国全境恐布什政府宣布，将美国全境恐怖威胁警戒级别从原来的黄色怖威胁警戒级别从原来的黄色提高至橙色，为五色危险级别提高至橙色，为五色危险级别中的第二高等级。中的第二高等级。The
8、Bush administration raised the terror alert from yellow to orange, the second-highest level on a five-color scale。1.successful英sksesfl美skssfladj.成功的，如愿以偿的;2.AIDS英edz美edzabbr.艾滋病，获得性免疫缺乏综合症（AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome）3.awareness英wens美wernsn.察觉，觉悟，意识;4.programme英prgrm美prorm,-rmn.计划;节目;课程;（演出或活动的
9、）程序;vt.计划;训练;培养;预调;vi.编程序;制作节目;5.aswellas英zwelz美zwlzadv.也，又;既又;除之外（也）;此外;6.providefor为提供生活费;为作准备;规定;养;7.train英tren美trenn.火车;行列;一系列相关的事情;拖裾;v.训练;培养;教育;修整;8.volunteer英vlnt(r)美v:lntrn.志愿者，志愿兵;军义勇军;植自生植物;林先锋树种;adj.自愿的，志愿的;vt.&vi.自愿去做;当志愿兵义勇军;vi.志愿，义务服务;vt.志愿提供;9.similar英sml(r)美smladj.相似的;类似的;同样的;同类的;n.类
10、似物;相像的人;相似物;10.background英bkgrand美bkrandn.（画等的）背景;底色;背景资料;配乐;11.virus英vars美varsn.病毒;病毒性疾病;毒素，毒害;计算机科学计算机病毒;what?Where?when?Who?how?Why?SUCCESSFULALDSPROGRAMMEINYUNNANAnAIDSawarenessprogrammestartedbytheChineseRedCrossinYunnanprovincesixyearsagohasprovedsosuccessfulthatitisnowrunninginseveralotherpro
11、vinces,includingXinjiang,Guangxi,Hainan,FujianandJilin.What?Who?Where?Where?When?what?Where?when?Who?AnAIDSawarenessprogrammetheChineseRedCrossinYunnanprovinceandotherprovincessixyearsagohow?Why? AswellasprovidingcareandsupportforAIDSsufferers,theprogrammetrainsyoungpeopletoteachothersaboutHIV/AIDS.
12、Thesevolunteersholdtwo-dayclassestoteachpeopleofsimilarageandbackgroundaboutthevirusanditslinkstodruguseandsexualpractices.Theyworkwithstudents,drugusers,peoplewhoworkintheentertainmentbusinessandotherswhomaybeatriskofbecominginfectedbythevirus.how?12.linkto英liktu:美lktu与连接，联系;13.drug英drg美drn.药物;毒品;药
13、剂;麻醉药;vt.（在食物或饮料中）投放麻醉药，下麻醉药;掺麻醉药于;使服麻醉药;使服毒品;vi.使服麻醉药，用药麻醉，使服兴奋剂;14.sexual英sekul美skuladj.性欲的;性的，有性别的;生殖的;生有性的;15.entertainment英enttenmnt美entrtenmntn.娱乐节目;娱乐，消遣;招待，款待;复数：entertainments16.atrisk英trisk美trsk有危险;17.infected英nfektdadj.（伤口）被感染的;v.（受）传染(infect的过去式和过去分词);污染;影响;Programmeorganisersbelievethat
14、theprogrammeisanextremelyeffectivewayofmakingsurethatpeoplelearnthefactsaboutHIV/AIDSbecausetheworkshopsaregivenbypeoplejustlikethem.Thedirectoroftheprogrammesaidthat,althoughpeopleknewaboutHIV/AIDSandhowitwasspread,theyoftenthoughtithadnothingtodowiththeirownlife.Thismayhavebeentrueinthepast,whenHI
15、/AIDSwasfoundmainlyamongdrugusersandthosewhohadbecomeinfectedthroughcarelessbloodtransfusionpractices.However,today,thenumberofyoungpeoplebecominginfectedthroughsexualactivityisincreasinganditisimportanttohandlethisissue.why?TheChinesegovernmentpredictsthatunlessactionistakenimmediately,asmanyas10mi
16、llionpeoplecouldbeinfectedwithHIV/AIDSinChinabytheyear2010.InJune2001,aspartoftheirresponsetothisproblem,theChinesecentralgovernmentannouncedafive-yearplanfordealingwiththespreadofthedisease.Thisplanfocusesonbettereducationaboutthevirus,anationalsystemtoreportcasesofthediseaseandbetterpracticesforco
17、llectingblood.what?Where?when?Who?AnAIDSawarenessprogrammetheChineseRedCrossinYunnanprovinceandotherprovincessixyearsagohow?Why?EnglishNews-TheInvertedPyramid2.1eadorintroduction导语导语(quotesorfacts引语或事实材引语或事实材料料)Supportingpoints辅助性消息辅助性消息EndingEnglishNews-TheInvertedPyramidHeadline1.headline标题标题3.Bod
18、y正文正文Background背景材料背景材料(5“Ws”and1“H”) 高考英语读写任务是给出一段短文，高考英语读写任务是给出一段短文，让考生阅读后在规定的时间内用让考生阅读后在规定的时间内用2-3句话句话，不超过不超过30词词概括文章大意，然后根据一个概括文章大意，然后根据一个主题，围绕几个要点发表自己的一些看法。主题，围绕几个要点发表自己的一些看法。 要写好读写任务，就要注意这些方面：要写好读写任务，就要注意这些方面：关注关注关键词关键词、中心词中心词，掌握，掌握状语从句、定状语从句、定语从句语从句及一些及一些特殊句型特殊句型，灵活使用，灵活使用衔接词衔接词，正确使用正确使用标点符号标
19、点符号，并熟悉，并熟悉夹叙夹议夹叙夹议的写的写作方法。作方法。抓实义词抓实义词, ,选关键词选关键词 阅读概括短文阅读概括短文阅读时划出每一句的主语阅读时划出每一句的主语 谁谁Exemplifying in Skills 主语主语谓语谓语形容词形容词短文中出现最多的主语名词短文中出现最多的主语名词，通常，通常就是大意句的主语。就是大意句的主语。“干什么干什么” “怎么样怎么样” 观点和观点和 态态度度关键词的分类关键词的分类褒褒：赞成：赞成 or or 肯定肯定贬贬：反对：反对 or or 否定否定Exemplifying in Skills说明文和新闻报道议论文议论文中心句中心句( (通常在
20、首段通常在首段) ) 抓抓好关键词好关键词现象分析型说明现象分析型说明文文: :“现象现象”“”“现象形成原因现象形成原因” “解决问题的方法或建议解决问题的方法或建议” “五何五何”: : 何时何时 (when), (when), 何地何地 (where), (where), 何何人人 (who), (who), 何事何事 (what) ,(what) ,结果如何结果如何 (how) (how) 夹叙夹叙夹议型夹议型: : 加上作者的看法或感想等以第三人称或加上作者的看法或感想等以第三人称或无人称来概括无人称来概括找出中心论点以及最后的找出中心论点以及最后的结论结论, ,再再补充论据补充论据
21、针对不同文体写短文概要针对不同文体写短文概要记叙文记叙文Exemplifying in Skills概要句型模板概要句型模板1.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat.3.Inthispassage,thewriter/authortellsusabout.4.ItsreportedthatAsisreportedinthepassage,.Thepointsyoushouldpayattentionto1.1.不需要把所有要点都涵盖。不需要把所有要点都涵盖。2.2.在这些内容中比重最大的是在这些内容中比重最大
22、的是whatwhat， 不要把不要把whatwhat写得太详细，注意浓缩。写得太详细，注意浓缩。3.3.找出叙事中夹带的议论，挖掘出文找出叙事中夹带的议论，挖掘出文 章的主题。章的主题。4.4.用自己的话把主题和主要情节组织用自己的话把主题和主要情节组织 成摘要。成摘要。 Definition（定义）（定义）Asummaryisashortaccountgivingthemainpointsofsomethinglongerordetailed.要地陈述要地陈述Howtowriteasummary1. Read the text 2. Outline the structure of the
23、passage. 3. Underline important ideas and key words.4. Organize the main ideas in your own words.5. Check that your summary reflects the original conclusion.( (反映了反映了) )任务一任务一：概括短文要点概括短文要点 常见错误常见错误应对策略应对策略1.无无法法抓抓住住短文要点短文要点2. 无法摆脱无法摆脱原文句子原文句子a.a.仔细阅读全文仔细阅读全文；b.b.找出找出关键词（句关键词（句）; ;c.c.理清理清关键词（句）间的关系关
24、键词（句）间的关系d.d.借助关键词借助关键词，用，用自己的语言自己的语言恰当地概括要点。恰当地概括要点。 概括短文要点概括短文要点: :1.仔细阅读全文仔细阅读全文；2.找出找出关键词关键词（句句）;3.理清理清关键词（句）间的关系；关键词（句）间的关系；4.借借助助关关键键词词，用用自自己己的的语语言言恰恰当当地地概括要点。概括要点。辨认文章体裁，快速找出中心句和关键词；辨认文章体裁，快速找出中心句和关键词；要求写什么就总结什么。要求写什么就总结什么。抓准主要内容，剔除不必要的次要内容。抓准主要内容，剔除不必要的次要内容。Some tips for writing in your own
25、words:1.Use the synonyms(同义词同义词)2.Change the sentence structure(结构结构)3.Change the voice(语态语态) of the sentenceHowtowriteinyourownwordsTask1:Howtofindthekeysentencesorkeywords?体裁体裁关键句关键句记叙文记叙文议论文议论文说明文说明文 新闻报道类新闻报道类中心内容往往在第一段。写概中心内容往往在第一段。写概要时注意要找出中心句，抓住要时注意要找出中心句，抓住关键词关键词5 5“W”和和1“H”抓住抓住what,who,when
26、,where,及及thewriterspurpose通常抓住首段和尾段通常抓住首段和尾段抓住首段或各段首句抓住首段或各段首句TheStepsofWritingaSummary(1)定时态定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；那么基本时态用现在时；(2)定人称定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第写作，特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称；一、二人称；(3)定技巧定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。：结合相关技巧，重新组句。1.1.完全糊涂
27、地照抄原文，连人称都不改完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改 的，得的，得0 0分；分；2. 2. 机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得 1 1分；分；3. 3. 稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语、宾语、原 文词序的，得文词序的，得2 2分；分；4. 4. 创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序创造性地抄，改主语、宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得还有句子结构的，最多得3 3分；分；5. 5. 结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得结构、用词、词性变化比较好的得4 4至至5 5分。分。2007年广东高考概括部分评分细则年广东高考概括部分评分细则Tas
28、k3：Rewritethesentencesaccordingtotheskills.1.1.同义替换法同义替换法e.g.IdidntcatchanyfishowingtothefactthatIwasnotpatient.Ididntcatchanyfish_Iwasnotpatient.because2.2.正话反说法正话反说法e.g.Youwillfail.Youwill_.notsucceed(1)语态变换：语态变换：e.g.Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.Childrenshould_morepraise.3. 词性转换法词性转换法e.g.Pa
29、tienceisveryimportant.Patienceis_.ofgreatimportance5.5.句式变化法句式变化法begiven4. 长句变短句长句变短句e.g.Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.whichChildrenshouldbeencouragedmore,_willhelpthemlearnfaster.givenmorepraise(2)(2)简单句变复合句简单句变复合句e.g.Childrenaregivenmorepraise.They
30、willachievemoresuccess.When_,childrenwillachievemoresuccess.e.g.Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.6.6.连词衔接法连词衔接法注意注意:使用一些短而精的连词，如使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, thus, yet, for, therefore, including, instead of 等。等。e.g.Weshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscol
31、dthem.Weshouldencouragechildren_scoldingthem.insteadofe.g.Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience._was_.Patiencethesecretofsuccess7.7.词序改变法词序改变法8.8.细节省略法细节省略法e.g.Dontalwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.Dontscoldandgivepraiseinstead.9.9.句意理解法句意理解法e.g.ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular. _ _Mor
32、eandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.1.1.定体裁；定体裁； 2.2.定主题；定主题； 3. 3.定时态定时态; 4.; 4.定人称；定人称； 5. 5.定技巧定技巧 1. 1.忌照抄原文；忌照抄原文； 2. 2.忌私加观点；忌私加观点； 3. 3.忌不符字数。忌不符字数。注意事项注意事项:“五定三忌五定三忌”He who seize the right moment, is the right man. 谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。 歌德歌德 If the dream is big enough, the facts dont c
33、ount.如果梦想远大，就一定可以克服艰难险阻。2.1eadorintroduction导语导语(quotesorfacts引语或事实材引语或事实材料料)Supportingpoints辅助性消息辅助性消息EndingEnglishNews-TheInvertedPyramidHeadline1.headline标题标题3.Body正文正文morefactsBackground背景材料背景材料5“Ws”and1“H” Asummaryisashortenedversionoftheoriginal.Themainpurposeofsuchasimplificationistohighlight
34、themajorpointsfromtheoriginalsubject,e.g.atext,afilmoranevent.Thetargetistohelptheaudiencegetthemainpointsinashortperiodoftime.(简化简化)( (缩短版本缩短版本) )( (最初的最初的) )( (突出重点) )( (目标目标) )3Stylesof PassagesStyles（体裁）（体裁） Functions（功能）（功能）Narration(记叙文记叙文)describeapersonoranevent,withafterthoughtsArgumentatio
35、n(议论文议论文)showthewriterspointofviewExposition(说明文说明文)introducesomething,eg.aphenomenon Asummaryisashortenedversionoftheoriginal.Themainpurposeofsuchasimplificationistohighlightthemajorpointsfromtheoriginalsubject,e.g.atext,afilmoranevent.Thetargetistohelptheaudiencegetthegist(mainpoints)inashortperio
36、doftime.(简化简化)( (重点重点) )( (缩短版本缩短版本) )( (最初的最初的) )( (突出突出) )( (目标目标) )Part基本步骤基本步骤方法和技巧方法和技巧第一，阅读全文，了解文章大意，理解作者的写作意图和主要观点。1.通读全文，了解文章的体裁。因为不同的体裁，概括文章大意的方法不相同，那么我们在概括主要内容时要注意的内容也不相同。2.注意文章的写作结构。3注意审题，看准要求是对整篇文章进行概括还是就某部份内容进行概括。第二，正确找出文章的主旨大意。1.一定要注意文章是否有题目，因为一篇文章的题目就是对整篇文章中心内容的最简练的归纳，是文章的精华、中心。2.阅读完后
37、用一句话写出文章的主旨大意。这里我们要注意文章里一些概括性句子。每篇文章都有其写作意图，在文章中，尤其在第一段或最后一段，作者都会对其进行总结，所以我们要注意段落里一些起概括性句子（主题句）。文章的主题句往往出现在首段或末段，或各个段落的首句末句，然具体情况却不能一概而论。以下是常见文体的主题句及主要内容的概括的方法和技巧。新闻报道类（新闻报道类（Newsreport/NewsStory）以及公告类（）以及公告类（Announcement）。）。中心内容往往在第一段。写概要时注意要找出中心句，抓住关键词。因此：辨认文章体裁，快速找出中心句和关键词；要求写什么就总结什么。辨认文章体裁，快速找出中
38、心句和关键词；要求写什么就总结什么。抓准主要内容，剔除不必要的次要内容。抓准主要内容，剔除不必要的次要内容。Part写概要的具体方法写概要的具体方法1.定文体：确定文体，掌握大意。根据不用体裁，选择合适方法。2.定时态：如果阅读材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果是现在的，那么基本时态用现在时；不过，模板的开头语一般为现在时现在时如Thepassagetellsusthat3.定人称：一般情况下采用第三人称来写作。（特殊如书信的，可能会使用第一、二人称）；4.找主题：读短文，划关键词和关键句。所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词，关键句主要是一些主题句。根据这些关键词，句，弄清作者
39、的写这篇文章的目的，或作者的观点态度。千万不可脱离材料，离题。5.定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。1)Usewordsofsimilarmeanings同义替换法IdidntcatchanyfishowingtothefactthatIwasnotpatient.Ididntcatchanyfish_Iwasnotpatient.2)Adopttheoppositewaywhensayingasentence正话反说法Youwillfail.=Youwill_.3)Changethepartofspeech词性转换法Patienceisveryimportant.Patienceisof_.4
40、)Changethestructureofasentence句式变化法语态变换：Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.Childrenshould_morepraise.简单句变复合句：Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore.Thiswillhelpthemlearnfaster.Childrenshouldbeencouragedmore,_willhelpthemlearnfaster.5)Usetheshortestpossibletransitions连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but,and,so,while,howe
41、ver,then,yet,for,therefore,thus,including,insteadof等。Weshouldencouragechildren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren_scoldingthem.6)Changetheorderofthewords.词序改变法。写概要时的几个注意事项写概要时的几个注意事项:1.不可忽略,忘记写.概括要点占5分.2.改写而不是抄袭。不可一字不漏地完全照抄原文.(但可以灵活地抄，特别对基础差的同学)3.不可加入自己的观点.必须忠于原文、忠于作者.4.不要概括太广，缺乏针对性，也不要只
42、针对原文某个细节太狭窄.5.不要用列举、描绘性语言当成概括性语言.6.不要只用一个简单句来概括.或写得太多句子（单词）。7.要注意文体特征.文体不同,概括的方式也不同.8不要用序号标概括和下文不要用序号标概括和下文，注意概括和下文构成一个不可分隔、完整的文章。9.不要把概括跟下文写成一起。（即要求分段）注意事项：注意事项：“五定三忌五定三忌”定体裁；定主题；定时态；定人称；定技巧。定体裁；定主题；定时态；定人称；定技巧。忌照抄原文；忌私加观点忌照抄原文；忌私加观点忌不符字数忌不符字数下列是常规的实用技巧实用技巧:1)Skill1:Omit(省略)thedetails.删除细节。只保留主要观点。
43、2)Skill2:Omittherepetitions（重复）.避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。3)Skill3:Omittheexamples.删除具体例子。不过，阅读材料本身是由几个具体例子构成的，如阅读材料是谈西方种种节日的，如删除具体例子，则概括很难达到30个词，那就选择一至两个例子（即一两个主要节日）。注：原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。4)Skill4:Usegeneral(概括性)wordsinsteadofspecific(具体的)words).使用概括性的名词代替具
44、体的词，比如：“ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofTimeandNewsweekandsometextbooks.Sheintendedtoreadallofthemduringthewintervocation.”可以概括为：“Shebroughthomealotofbookstoreadduringthevocation.”5)Skill5:Putthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeech.把文章的对话或直接引语(的要点)改成间接引语叙述。6)把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句
45、子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。7)压缩长的句子。如下列两例：“Hiscourageinbattlemightwithoutexaggerationbecalledlion-like.”可以概括为：“Hewasverybraveinbattle.”“Hewashardupformoneyandwasbeingpressedbyhiscreditor.”可以概括为：“Hewasinfinancialdifficulties.”8)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。1.focusonmainideasandomit(省去省去)examples,detail
46、s,andminorsupports.2.Thesummaryshouldbeinyourownwords.3.DonotincludeyourownopinioninthesummaryWhatdoyouusuallydoinwritingasummary?注意注意:1.人称人称: 第三人称第三人称概括概括 ( the author, the passage/ text/ story/ news)2. 第一句时态第一句时态: 一般使用一般使用一般现一般现在时在时 the passage tells us 1.Fromhisownexperienceof,thewriterdrawsaconc
47、lusionthat（记叙文记叙文）2.Theauthordescribedhisexperienceof,whichstartedhisthinkingthat(记叙文记叙文)3.Thetext/article/passagemainlytellsusabout/tellsusthat(议论文议论文)4.Theauthorsays/argues/pointsoutthat（议论文议论文）5.Theauthorholdsthebelief/opinionthat（议论文议论文）6.The passage mainly introduces that(说明文说明文)Summary第一句的常用句型
48、第一句的常用句型:ThingstokeepinmindDontpanic.Believeinyourself!Keepmajorconclusionsandleaveoutminorfacts.ArrangemainpointsinyourownwordsUseindirectspeeches.Avoiddescription.Beobjective.Task2: Recognizethestylesof3givenpassagesandfindoutthekeysentencesorkeywordsofeachpassage.1.Usewordsofsimilarmeanings（同义替换法
49、）（同义替换法）e.g.IdidntcatchanyfishowingtothefactthatIwasnotpatient.Ididntcatchanyfish_Iwasnotpatient.because2.Adopttheoppositewaywhensayingasentence(正话反说法正话反说法)e.g.Youwillfail.Youwill_.notsucceed(3)Change the part of speech(词性转换法词性转换法)e.g.Patienceisveryimportant.Patienceis_.ofgreatimportance(4)Changethe
50、structureofasentence(句式变化法句式变化法)语态变换：语态变换：e.g.Parentsshouldgivechildrenmorepraise.Childrenshould_morepraise.begiven(5)Usetheshortestpossibletransitions连词衔接法连词衔接法注意使用一些短而精的连词，如注意使用一些短而精的连词，如but, and, so, while, however, then, thus, yet, for, therefore, including, instead of 等。等。Weshouldencouragechild
51、ren.Weshouldnotscoldthem.Weshouldencouragechildren_scoldingthem.insteadof(6)Changetheorderofthewords.词序改变法词序改变法Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience._was_.Patiencethesecretofsuccess(7)Omitthedetails细节省略法细节省略法Dontalwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.Dontscoldandgivepraiseinstead.(8)Makeuseofthemeaningofasen
52、tence句意理解法句意理解法ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasinglypopular._MoreandmorepeoplepreferInternetshopping.SomeSummaryModelsforYou(1)NarrationSummaryModels(记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板)(2)ArgumentationSummaryModels(议论文概要模板议论文概要模板)(3)ExpositionSummaryModels(说明文概要模板说明文概要模板)(1) 记叙文概要模板记叙文概要模板点明写作目的类：点明写作目的类：Thewrite
53、rtellsus（主题）（主题）byshowingusanexampleof,who/which（故事情节）（故事情节）.作者经历类：作者经历类：Inthepassage,thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth,which他人经历类：他人经历类：Thispassageismainlyaboutsbsexperienceofdoingsth.(2)议论文概要模议论文概要模板板Thearticlegivestheviewthatshould/shouldnt（主题）（主题）.（补充论据）（补充论据）.Thepassagehighlights(强调
54、强调)theimportanceofsth.Theauthorarguesthat(3) 说明文概要模板说明文概要模板现象揭示类：现象揭示类： Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon-（主题（主题),which.（补充解释）（补充解释）.利弊对比类：利弊对比类：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.AwhileBThepassagediscussestheimpact(影响影响)ofsth.Onthepositiveside,butitmayalso.研究显示类：研究显示类：Thestudy
55、reveals(揭露揭露)thatThepurposeofthereportistoshowthatTask4:WriteasummaryPassage1关键词关键词、句、句(1)thewriter,anoldman,fishing,experience,teachsb.alesson,(2)Thesecretofsuccesswaspatience._had_with_who_.Thewriterafishingexperienceanoldmantaughthimalesson词序变化法词序变化法Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.(2)(1)连词成句连词成句The
56、writerhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalesson.Patiencewasthesecretofsuccess.句式变化法句式变化法Thewriterhadafishingexperiencewithanoldmanwhotaughthimalessonthatpatiencewasthesecretofsuccess.Thewritertellsus（主题）（主题）byshowingusanexampleof,who/which（故事（故事情节）情节）.ReferenceKeyforPassage1:Thewritertell
57、suspatiencewasveryimportantandthatitwasthesecretofsuccessbyshowingusanexampleofhisunforgettablefishingexperiencewithanoldman,whotaughthimalesson.(35words)注意注意Passage2:关键句关键句(1)Dontalwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraiseinstead.细节省略法细节省略法Dontscoldandgivepraiseinstead.词序变化法、连词衔接法词序变化法、连词衔接法Givepraiseinsteadofs
58、colding.词性变换法词性变换法Praisechildreninsteadofscoldingthem.(2)Ifyouteachyourchildrennottofearamistakeoffailure,theywilllearnfasterandachievesuccessatlast.Encourageyourchildrenandtheywillmakemoreprogressandsucceed.句意理解法句意理解法同义替换法同义替换法词性转换法词性转换法细节省略法细节省略法(1)Praisechildreninsteadofscoldingthem.(2)Encouragey
59、ourchildrenandtheywillmakemoreprogressandsucceed.Thearticlegivestheviewthatwheneducatingchildren,parentsshouldpraiseandencouragetheminsteadofscolding,whichwillhelpchildrentomakeprogressandsucceed.注意Passage3:关键词、句关键词、句(1)Internetshoppingisanewwayofshopping.(2) ShoppingontheInternetisbecomingincreasin
60、glypopular.(3)PeoplecanshopforavarietyofthingsontheInternet.(4)commonproducts,informationproducts,servicesReferenceKeyforPassage3:Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon-Internetshopping,whichoffersgreatconvenience.PeoplecanbuymanythingsontheInternetincludingcommonproducts,informationproductsandeven
61、services.(30words)读写任务解题六大聚焦高考英语读写任务是给出一段短文，让考高考英语读写任务是给出一段短文，让考生阅读后在规定的时间内用生阅读后在规定的时间内用2-3句话句话，不，不超过超过30词词概括文章大意，然后根据一个主概括文章大意，然后根据一个主题，围绕几个要点发表自己的一些看法。题，围绕几个要点发表自己的一些看法。而要写好读写任务，就要注意这些方面：而要写好读写任务，就要注意这些方面：关注关注关键词关键词、中心词中心词，掌握，掌握状语从句、定状语从句、定语从句语从句及一些及一些特殊句型特殊句型，灵活使用，灵活使用衔接词衔接词，正确使用正确使用标点符号标点符号，并熟悉，
62、并熟悉夹叙夹议夹叙夹议的写的写作方法。作方法。Qin Xiaolu抓实义词,选关键词 阅读概括短文 Passage 1 I took a trip to a big lake in Indonesia with my family two years ago. It was really a huge lake with beautiful scenery all around. People were amazed by the endless view in front of our eyes. Later on, unlike other girls, I volunteered to
63、go water-skiing alone, I put on the life jacket, got on the motorboat immediately and started my engine as soon as possible. The lake seemed broad and endless, I was so thrilled to enjoy my trip among the mountains and waters that I sped my motorboat. Then, after some time, I found myself in the mid
64、dle of the endless lake. A sudden fear came around me. I didnt know where I was or even how far I had gone from the shore. What was worse, it began to rain and it became very cold and foggy. I rode everywhere but find my way back. It was useless for me to cry or shout for help. I was so terrified th
65、at I began to think about all kinds of horrible things. After floating on the water helplessly and hopelessly for a long time, suddenly I heard someone calling my name. Soon, a big steamboat sailed to me and they pulled me up to the deck and asked me if I was hurt. I couldnt say a word but cried out
66、 in my fathers arms.whowhenwherewhatwhyhowresultwhat to learn材料分析材料分析“I”two years ago“writer”a trip to a big lake in Indonesiagot lost / was in dangerwent to water-skiing alone,too thrilledfather came to rescue / sace her Summary 1 Once the writer was on a trip to a lake where she went water-skiing
67、alone. She was too excited and enjoyed herself that soon she got lost. Fortunately, her father came to rescue her.(35 words)Summary 2 The passage tells us about the writers experience of going water-skiing alone in an endless lake where she was in great danger. Luckily, her father came to save her.(
68、29 words)We may begin like these: 1.The passage is about the writers unforgettable experience to water-skiing. 2.The writer tells us about his unforgettable experience to water-skiing.3.The story is about the writer who went to water- skiing .4.The author tells us that the writer went to water-skiin
69、g.passage 2 Everyone has an experience they would rather forget. Some are embarrassing, some are moving, and some teach us a lesson. Here is a story of mine. Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod（钓鱼竿）（钓鱼竿） with bait（鱼饵）（鱼饵）, I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours lat
70、er, I didnt catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff（收拾东西）（收拾东西）, preparing to go back home. Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his basket was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know why. “Excuse me, but how long have you sat here?” I aske
71、d. “About four hours,” he answered. “Four hours?” I couldnt believe my ears. “Yes. Its very important to be patient,” the old man said. “ Dont consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.” Suddenly, I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patien
72、tly. I felt a fish touch the bait, but I didnt move and waited for the right moment to reel it in（卷收钓鱼线）（卷收钓鱼线）. At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours, I caught over 10 fish. On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the se
73、cret of success was patience. whowhenwherewhatwhyhowresultwhat to learn材料分析材料分析the writer,an old manon the bank of the lakewas taught a lesson by an old mancaught 10 fish when going fishing last SundayPatience is important.Patience is the secret of success. In this passage, the writer mainly tells u
74、s his experience of fishing and the unforgettable lesson that was taught by an old man. He knew the importance of patience and finally got some fish.(35 words）My version for the summarySummary 1 According to the passage, the writer tries to tell us the importance of patience through his experience o
75、f fishing and the lesson that was taught by an old man ( the lesson that the old man gave him.) (29 words)Summary 2whowhenwherewhatwhyhowresultwhat to learn 材料分析材料分析when he was two years oldStephen Glennat homespilt the milk all over the kitchen floorbecause he lost his grip on he bottle Learned how
76、 to carry a big bottle played in the milk, cleaned it up, Learn through mistakes The passage tells us about As we know, no one can avoid making mistakes. The most import thing for you is how to learn something from the mistakes and never make the same mistake again. Take me as an example. Once, I ha
77、d such a similar experience. I still can well remember one of my experiences If I would like to give encouragement instead of punishmentgive a chance to realize ourselves and correct the mistakestry to find more and better ways to solve problems.Only in this way can we grow up / make gradual progress.
