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1、语法难点突破之六语法难点突破之六定语从句（二）定语从句（二）语法专题突破语法专题突破什么是定语？指出下面句子的定语什么是定语？指出下面句子的定语Guilin is a beautiful city.China is a developing country.There are 30 woman teachers in our school.His rapid progress in English made ussurprised.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.以上句子中的定语都有单词或短语充当，以上句子中的定语都
2、有单词或短语充当，但如果是复杂的定语就应用定语从句但如果是复杂的定语就应用定语从句如：住在我们学校的那个老人是个退休工人如：住在我们学校的那个老人是个退休工人Theoldmanwholivesinourschoolisaretiredwoker.我哥哥昨天买的那本书非常有趣我哥哥昨天买的那本书非常有趣Thebookwhichmybrotherboughtyesterdayieveryinteresting.二、定语从句的种类二、定语从句的种类定定语语从从句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive A
3、ttributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句MybrotherwholivesintheUSAhas6children.Mybrother,wholivesintheUSA,has6children.限定性定语与非限定性定语从句的区别限定性定语与非限定性定语从句的区别从形式，连接词，用途从形式，连接词，用途基础知识回顾基础知识回顾: 定语从句关系词定语从句关系词及其意义及其意义关系代词：关系代词：关系副词关系副词who,whom,whose,which,that,aswhen,where,whyWho指人，在句中作主语或宾语指人，在句中作主语或宾语Theboywhoiss
4、tandingunderthetreeisourmonitor.Whom指人，在句中作宾语，常可省略指人，在句中作宾语，常可省略Whose通常指人，也可指物，在句中作定语通常指人，也可指物，在句中作定语TheboywhomIspoketojustnowisadmittedtoafamousuniversity.Thatistheboywhosemotherisadisabledwomen.Theroomwhosewindowsfacesouthisourdorm.Which指物，在句中作主语或宾语，常可省略指物，在句中作主语或宾语，常可省略Didyouseetheletterwhichcame
5、today？ThisisthebookwhichItoldyouabout.That既可指人也可指物，在句中作主语或宾语，既可指人也可指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略作宾语时常可省略1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_he
6、gave.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which关系副词关系副词when,where,why及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词1.that与与which的区别的区别2.对对theway的考查的考查3.介词介词+关系词关系词1.对对where的考查的考查2.as的使用的使用3.综合考查综合考查考考点点难难点点1)Doyouhaveanything_youdontunderstand?2)Theonlything_wecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.3)Whoistheman_issta
7、ndingthere?4)Herbag,in_sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.5)Sheheardaterriblenoise，_broughtherheartintohermouth.thatthatthatwhichwhich考点考点1：that 与与 which1:先行词是先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等等不定代词或不定代词或由不定代词由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等等修饰时修饰时,引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that
8、不用不用which。2：先行词被形容词：先行词被形容词最高级最高级或或序数词序数词修饰且指物时修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that。3:先行词中先行词中既既有人又有事物有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用时，引导定语从句用that。4:先行词被先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast等修饰且指物时等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用引导定语从句用that。5：当先行词前面：当先行词前面有有who/which等疑问代词等疑问代词时，只用时，只用that。填上合适的关系词并分析原因填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_heexplainedthesentencetouswa
9、snotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填不填that/inwhich/不填不填缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语考点考点2：the way用做先行词用做先行词3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_hesaidit.（04湖北）湖北）A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich高考题链接：高考题链接：考点考点3：介词：介词+关系词关系词1.Doyouknowtheboy_yourmotheristalking?
10、2.Hegavemesomenovels_Iamnotveryfamiliar.3.Istillremembertheday_IfirstgottoParis.5.(06浙江浙江)Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.whichtowhomwithwhichonwhichThisisthechildwhom/thatIwilltakecareof.4.译：这是我要照是我要照顾的小孩。的小孩。介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke
11、was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin考点考点3：介词：介词+关系词关系词介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away. to inAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which
12、 she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old
13、 man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定1.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichIm
14、sure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定4.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用的一部分时，可用“数词数词/ /代词代词 + of + of + + 关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing.关系代词前的介词的确
15、定关系代词前的介词的确定5.Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代词关系代词”型，型，如：如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth. Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethe
16、booksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mo
17、st_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhichunderwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习1.IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituationwhereawarwillbreakoutatanytime.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能
18、爆发战争的局势中。where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。难点一：难点一：where的用法的用法解析：解析：如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,degree,和和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引引导，意思是导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。注意注意1 11.Wearetryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（山东）（山
19、东）A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.-Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?-Yes,theresonepoint_wemustinsiston.（江西）（江西）A.whyB.whereC.howD./高考题链接：高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。关系词。 注意注意若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或或that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。Thelibrary_studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.Thelibrary
20、,_wasbuiltinthe1930s,needsrepairing.Thelibrary_youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.wherewhichwhich注意注意区分区分where引导的定语从句和引导的定语从句和状语从句状语从句where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。句，否则是状语从句。Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeamarkatthespotwhereyouhaveanyquestions.Whenyoureadbooks,youhadbettermakeama
21、rkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itas AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned
22、/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as难点二：难点二：as的用法的用法as与与which引导的定语从句的区别引导的定语从句的区别两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.2.当与当与such,sosuch,so或或the samethe same连用时，用连用时，用asas。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresti
23、ng.Ihavethesameplanasyou.GoonPlease!3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之，反之则用则用which。e.g. Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.Shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected.Goonplease!4.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。
24、e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (2)This is such an interesting book _ we
25、all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)综合
26、考查一：定语从句与强调句综合考查一：定语从句与强调句难点三：综合考查难点三：综合考查近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示友情提示ItisthehousewhereImettheyoungman.(where引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语在定语从句中作地点状语从句中作地点状语)ItwasinthehousethatImet
27、theyoungman.(本句为强调结构，可还原为本句为强调结构，可还原为Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.)试比较：试比较：wherethat1.Thisisthelibrary_Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary_Iborrowedthebook.where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型3.-WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?-Itwasinthehotel_Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.whenhave a try定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系定语从句与前面的名
28、词是修饰与被修饰的关系“的的”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。等。that在定语从句中在定语从句中作成分，可用作成分，可用which或或who/whom代替；而代替；而that在同位在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：试比较：Weallhaveheardthenewsthatourteamwon.(同位语从句，同位语从
29、句，that从句表示从句表示news的内容，的内容，that在从句在从句中不作任何成分中不作任何成分)Wedontbelievethenewsthat/whichhetoldusyesterday.(定语从句，定语从句，that作作told的宾语的宾语)综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1.Weallhaveheardthenews_ourteamwon.2.Wedontbelievethenews_hetoldusyesterday.thatthat/whichthat/which综合考查三：定语从
30、句与表语从句综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句Theplace_thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.（江苏）（江苏）A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich试比较：试比较：Heleftthekeywherehehadbeenanhourbefore.(where引导地点状语从句，相当于引导地点状语从句，相当于intheplacewhere)Helefttheplacewherehelivedformanyyears.
31、(where引导定语从句，修饰引导定语从句，修饰theplace)Heissuchagoodteacherasallofusloveandrespect.(as引导定语从句引导定语从句)Heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim.(that引导结果状语从句引导结果状语从句,suchthat“如此如此以致以致”)综合考查四：定语从句与状语从句综合考查四：定语从句与状语从句试比较：试比较：Asisknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.(as引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)Iti
32、sknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(it做形式主语，代替做形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句引导的主语从句)综合考查五：定语从句与主语从句综合考查五：定语从句与主语从句高考真题练习高考真题练习定语从句部分定语从句部分（共（共14题）题）1.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,_wasbeyondhiswildestdream.上海卷上海卷A.which B.that C.whereD.it2.Wheredidyougettoknowher?Itwasonthefarm_weworked.山东卷山
33、东卷A.thatB.thereC.which D.whereAD3.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,_theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatcharges.山东卷山东卷A.when B.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen4.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_wantedtobuyit.安徽卷安徽卷A.noneofthem B.bothofthemC.noneofwhom D.neitherofwhomDD5.Weshouldntspentourmoneytest
34、ingsomanypeople,mostof_arehealthy.北京卷北京卷A.thatB.whichC.what D.whom6.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,_canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.湖南卷湖南卷A.whoB.whichC.what D.that DB7.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_hewentontoBeijingUniversity.江苏卷江苏卷A.afterwhichB.afterthatC.inw
35、hichD.inthat8.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer_sheneededtodecidewhattodo.江西卷江西卷A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whereDA9.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,_theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.全国卷全国卷IA.thenB.thereC.while D.where10.Today,welldiscussanumberofcases_beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguagepr
36、operly.陕西卷陕西卷A.whichB.asC.whyD.whereDD11.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas_kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad上海春上海春A.thatB.allthatC.allwhatD.which12.Itisreportedthattwoschools，_arebeingbuiltinmyhometown，willopennextyear.四川卷四川卷A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhichBD13.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity_sightmattersmorethanhearing.天津卷天津卷A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where14.ChansrestaurantonBakerStreet,_usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.浙江卷浙江卷A.thatB.whichC.whoD.where BD
