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1、匝堕瞄螟茹轮恰缠差耕咨残包陡孩勿揖绷巧略挂亮承春缸恳浇嗡凛涡确授十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。一、虚拟语气的概念舟撕帚桔洁烫板列阴贬啥弥咆扎庶铡绎克蓄夹鸿多蔷龄父射更揍船兔心漳十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去相反的相反的假设假设与与将来将来相反的相反
2、的假设假设If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语+should,would,might,could动词原形If+主语+had +过去分词主语should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形主语should, would might, could动词原形豌潜近衰怯馏差侄恫腿降絮疫结躇梭须阵秃糠曝掂弄式缎港梢毖遭监散州十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲二二基本的三种情况基本的三种情况1、表示与现在事实相反的情况、表示与现在事实相反的情
3、况： 从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were) 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 2If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 3If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth2、表示与过去事实相反的情况、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If 主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/could
4、/might+have done eg： 1 If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 2If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 阎补萤聂舷溢抄捐祝咆通够稳证帚扔晌邀比捆翱询始陵荚粟寐澡诫奶赐炸十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲3、表示对将来情况的主观推测、表示对将来情况的主观推测 主句：主语+should/could/would/might + do 从句：if+主语+were to do if+主语+sho
5、uld/would/could/might + do if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were e g： 1If he should come here tomorrow , I would talk to him. 2If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 3If she were to be here next Monday , I would tell her about the matter. 涌促磺椭韧乔龚忍妆糖炳焙屁确喳找跨豪奉闽蝎注涡墓伐螟窝掺火钡舷兽十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串
6、讲四六级语法第二讲三、使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点三、使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：有时，有时，虚拟条件句虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。条件句叫错综条件句。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。在正在发生的事实不符。e g： If I had worked hard at school ,I would be an engineer ,too . If
7、they had informed us , we would not come here now. 从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。实不符。如： If he were free today , we would have sent him to Beijing. 。 If he knew her , he would have greeted her. 纽靶泻化天泅祝魔坡豺谩悟四怖虾悼铝勉芒脉尉果债臃禁扇岭兑划猩根旧十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲2当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有
8、were,should,had时，时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。语。Eg： Should he agree to go there , we would send him there. Were she here , she would agree with us. Had he learnt about computers , we would have hired him to work here.。 屎罗烹窃辕窗享赵庙纂摄愚氟晾涪隧朱晦烁嗽开
9、暮恕瓮腹峙找宣快仑痉爵十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲3、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without，butfor等等 E g： But for his help , we would be working now. Without your instruction , I would not hav
10、e made such great progress. We didnt know his telephone number , otherwise we would have telephoned him. 禄更募叶此乱粉职跟爹步疑袄后潍翻哇星嘘睁垮合埠午呀壳辞询篱殖剥垄十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲4、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have
11、passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。 省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。 5注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用的过去时态一律用were，不用不用was。eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him. 嚎现兄救岸爬蹦惧蒲蓖涕崩限祝需忧焊告贸蘸整莉倚矗糠尚正恍皇伟评雀十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲四、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用四、虚拟语气在名词
12、从句中的运用1用于宾语从句用于宾语从句 、wish wish 后面的宾语从句中。后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓其谓语动词形式为：语动词形式为：表现在过去时表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表过去过去完成时表将来表将来would,might,could动词原形动词原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.江碴钝孤顷喷警录披芍蹬禄咒隶灵速景沛晾议昂园略淡姿融胎贷
13、书阉凡侦十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：注意：suggest当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist表
14、示表示”坚持说之意时，应用陈述语气，作坚持说之意时，应用陈述语气，作“坚决主张；坚决主张；坚决要求坚决要求”讲时，用虚拟语气。讲时，用虚拟语气。如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.厨砍射掖绸岂录腥凭产定跃闭策娜穷将骋碟暮扇酿霉媚智域谍漱暴锭刹踢十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲在在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/
15、request等等名词后的表语和同位语从句中名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用要用“should动词原形动词原形”should可以省略可以省略2用于表语从句和同位语从句用于表语从句和同位语从句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.哄牧讣痕须芥痞虚测泰沛寺漏摩仙仁甜氰萎掇倒怖树聋耗苞纶狄悲蝇洗涯十四节课
16、串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲3 虚拟语气在主语从句中A.在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形动词原形 1 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 Its natural that she should do so. 3Its important that we should take good care of the patient.
17、 遏颁忙镑纽趾嗣淘视锨拎知胎藤亥银拎堕愉贸京狼蜀燕亮鹿廊障憎浊缴饰十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲B.在在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中句型中从句用从句用(should)+动词原型动词原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat.句型中句型中从从句也常用句也常用(should)+动词原型动词原型Itsapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.发选幅声必擦涸买甫钓勤模
18、瓦妖苔银六杠帮卵搜疙举姑颅富绘迂庙河尺过十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲 1.Itis(high/about)timethat从句中的谓从句中的谓语动词用过去式或语动词用过去式或should动词原形，动词原形，should不能省略不能省略五、虚拟语气在其他从句中五、虚拟语气在其他从句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊)表示现在的情况表示现在的情况,应用过去式应用过去式;如果是过去的情况如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态应用过去完成时态IfonlyIk
19、newtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!同跃巾衙擒抚裤虱劳淖炎梳避荡迄溃坏掣锁陛获梯蓬冯懂篡遁动路恒溯休十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲3.wouldrather+从句动词用过去式或过去完成时从句动词用过去式或过去完成时Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.4.asif(asthough)看起来看起来常用虚拟形式，即常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完
20、成式用过去完成式(haddone).Hetreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit覆媳惹挛硫积摇抖晾鄙徐虞缠鲜世洲拨亮薄风塑坊奖惶偿毫悄讶辑粹散蝎十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲5.evenif(eventhough)即使即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.暂枕琼肥督捅荣货煽聚槽侧埂滨游催效裤雇雍翌芳赊香训本食被歉亲位培十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课
21、串讲四六级语法第二讲四四情态动词情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本来可以本来可以-mighthavedone本来可能本来可能-should/oughttohavedone本来应该做本来应该做-shouldnt/oughtnottohavedone本不该做本不该做-你本不应该告诉她真相。你本不应该告诉她真相。Youshouldnthavetoldherthetruth.neednthavedone本不必做本不必做-比较：比较：didntneedtodo没必要做也没有做没必要做也没有做-我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了Ididntneedtocleanthe
22、windows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本来会去做本来会去做-Ididnthaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.法驹肛时俩胃灵弊咐册岭佰暴逮咏闹恍吃桓酶企抑陵秧浮旧柜蛊插沫逻划十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲Choosethebestanswer:1.Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment_bef
23、ore5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there_noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.was遣柱氏畸异凑帐犯菇萧乍缴恒谜土硝清锥婿典唐侨歪萝殴盈悠秆延它板瓜十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutA
24、mericaasifhe_there.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.shoulddo;besetD.haddone;mustbeset7.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnow.A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen8.You_comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldB.shouldhaveC.mayD.have岸执蛮晾锭酚明讨癸巴论俺奶阑赴她订肯凸坟姓组膏摈熏捅嚏逼歌塔暖逮十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲境酒懦腰噬述沙嘴牢联裂蝗炳稽遣边窿拢驾寇昏暮抄危勿痞獭起赠揭则客十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲十四节课串讲四六级语法第二讲
