高三英语常用词汇和短语辨析课件

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1、常用词汇和短语辨析1.about;around; round做副词时都含有“四处”、“遍地”的意思。about系常用词，如：look about 四处看。around具有about的基本意思，因此look about=look around。但在下列短语里around没有about正式，如：travel around 各处旅行。round和around在非正式用法中可以互换，但一般用round时更简练。在正式用于中，一般用round指“旋转”，而用around指“处处”，“到处”。l另外，英国人用round的地方，美国人倾向于用around,如：Winter comes round. (BE.

2、)lWinter comes around. (AE.)l即学即练l用around, round和about填空：l1.She turned_ at such a noise.l2.I have been looking for it all _.l3.They looked_, but saw nothing.round/aroundaroundabout/aroundl2.above all; after all; at all; in alllabove all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中，做插入语，起强调作用。lafter all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“

3、终归”、“到底”，在句子位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。lat all用于否定句时，意为“丝毫；根本”;用于疑问句时，意为“究竟，到底”；用于条件句时，常译为“当真，实在”。用于肯定句中，表示说话人的某种情绪或情感（如怀疑或惊奇等），意为“竟然”等。in all意为“总共，共计”。l1.A clock must_ keeps good time.l2._,your birthday is only two weeks away.l3.He is,_, a small child.l4. He doesnt like you_.l5.I was surprised at his coming

4、_.l6.There are 50 students _in our class.above allAfter allafter allat allat allin alll3.add; add to; addto; add up toladd作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词；作“又说，补充说”解时，与直接或间接引语连用。ladd to意为“增添，增加，增进”。laddto意为“把加到”,是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。ladd up to意为“加起来总共是/累计得”，该短语不用于被动语态。即学即练1.If the tea is too strong,_ some mor

5、e hot water.2.After a short while, he_ that he would try his best.3. The bad weather _our difficulties.4._two to seven, and you will get nine.5. All his school education _no more than one year.addaddedadded toAddadded up to4.affair; thing; matter; businessaffair 意为“事情、事件”，含义较广，泛指已做或待做的事；复数affairs一般指

6、商业事务及政府的日常事务，如财政管理、外交事务等。thing 意为“事情、事物”，不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing,一般不能专指事务；复数things还可做“形势” 解。matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。lbusiness作“事务、事情”解时，一般不能用复数，常常指所指派的任务、责任；有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。l即学即练1.I wanted the celebration to be a simple family_.2. Word/international/business_.3. Its a _ of time before they bring out t

7、heir own products.4. Lets get down to _at once-well stop to have a rest.affairaffairsmatterbusiness5. a great deal; a great deal ofa great deal 既可用作名词，意为“大量，许多”,做主语、宾语；又可以用作副词，意为“很”或“非常”，做状语，修饰动词或用来强调比较级。a great deal of意为“大量的”，“非常多的”，相当于much, 作定语，后接不可数名词。即学即练1._has been studied and this is the best

8、way.2.We are _cleverer than before.3. _time/money/energy has been spent on the project.A great deala great dealA great deal of6. agree on; agree to; agree with; agree thatagree on 作“就取得一致意见”解。agree to有两层含义和用法：其一是to作为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，作“同意（答应）做某事”解。其二是to作为介词，之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议”等一类的名词或代词。lagree with作“同意某人的意

9、见”解，其后可跟表示人的名词或代词，也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。lagree that作“认为”解，其后跟宾语从句。l即学即练1. We _ what he said at the meeting.2.The building of a new car factory was _ last month.agreed withagreed onl3. I _ your composition is very good.l4. My father _buy a new pen for me.l5. They have _ our plan?l6. He _ my opinions.

10、agreed thatagreed toagreed toagreed with7. allow; permit; letl三者均可作“允许”解，但各有侧重：allow和permit在许多情况下可以通用，但permit较allow正式，含有“积极地、从正面允许”的意义。Allow重在“允许”或“容许”，偏重默许，也可表示客气的请求。注：allow和permit常用于allow/permit sb. to do sth.或 allow/permit doing sth.结构中。let 作“允许”或“让”解，主要用于口语，一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时，常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意；作“让

11、”解时，常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意：let之后作宾补的不定式不带to,且不可用于被动语态，而allow则相反。即学即练l1.Dogs are not _ in the parks in Beijing.l2.The rules of the club do not _lSmoking.l3.He _me to take his dictionary.l4. Will you _me to use your bike?l5. Please_ me walk with you.l(= Please _me to walk with you.)permittedpermitallowedall

12、owletallow8.although; though; as三者均可表示“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式，语气较强；though较常用； as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意：状语从句由although, though或as引导，主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词，但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。 as表示“尽管；虽然”，只能用于倒装句，即：将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。注意：如果表语是单数名词，要省略a。though也可这么用。though可以放在句末，表示“但是，然而

13、”，although却不能。lalthough只能来陈述“事实”，不能表示“假设”。l因此可以说even though“即使”、as thoughl“好像=as if”,不能说even although或 as although。l即学即练l1. I believe you are on dutyeven _ youre in plain clothes.l2. _he believes it, yet he will not act.thoughAlthough/Thoughl3. Young _ he is, he knows a lot.l4. Child _he is, he can

14、speak two foreign languages.l5. They said they would come; they did not,_.as/thoughas/thoughthough10. eager; anxious; curiouseager意为“渴望的”，指有进取精神，急于求成的亢奋情绪或不耐烦心理。常构成短语：be eager for sth.(= be anxious for sth.)渴望某物，急切想要某物； be eager to do sth.(=be anxious to do sth.)渴望做某事anxious着重指失望或不能得到所希望的东西而感到不安。常用于

15、以下短语：be anxious for sth. 渴望某物be anxious to do sth.渴望去做某事be anxious about sth.为而担忧lbe anxious for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事lcurious意为“好奇”，常用短语：be curious about sth.对好奇l即学即练l1.My mother often gets a bit _ if we dont arrive when we say we will.l2.Little Tom was _about robot when he visited the Science Muse

16、um.l3. I was _to see my sister as soon as she got to the airport.anxiouscuriouseager/anxious11.argue; debate; dispute都含“辩论”的意思。argue着重“说理”，“论证”和“企图说服”。debate着重“双方各述己见”，内含“交锋”之意。dispute指“激烈争辩”，含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意。即学即练1.I _ with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to my reason.2.We have been

17、_about the issue.3.Whether he will be elected as chairman is still_.argueddebatingdisputed12.argue;quarrel; discuss这三个动词均有“争”的意思，但“争”法不同。argue着重就自己的看法或观点，提出论证，同他人“争论”或“辩论”。argue同with搭配，其后接人；与about连用，其后接事物。quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with搭配，其后接某人；和about连用，其后接某事。discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。即学即练1

18、.We_ with them about this problem for a long time.2. He often _about their housework with his wife.3.Well _the use of the articles tomorrow.arguedquarrelsdiscuss13. as(so) far as; as(so) long aslas(so) far as的意思是“就而言（所知）”，as(so) far as sth. Is concerned是其中一种具体用法，意为“就某事而言”。las(so) long as 意为“只要”，引导条件

19、状语从句。即学即练1._ I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs.2. There is nothing that we cant do _we keep on trying to do it.3. _the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.As far asso/as long asAs far as14. asleep; sleeping二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语，不能作定语，表示“睡着，熟睡”

20、的意思。sleeping一般只能用作定语，放在名词前，表示“睡眠中的，休止的”意思。如：我们不能说： an asleep baby,但可以说：a sleeping baby(一个熟睡的婴儿)。a sleeping dog正在熟睡的狗sleeping car卧车； sleeping bag 睡袋l1. He was _with his head on his arms. (他头枕着手臂在熟睡。)l2.She bought her baby a _ bag.即学即练asleepsleeping15. as though; even though; thoughlas though（=as if）意

21、为“好像；似乎”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如：lHe spoke as though (as if) he had been here before.他说话的口气好像以前来过这里。leven though（=even if）,意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句。though也可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”；even though有退一步设想的意味，与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实，even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。即学即练l将下面的句子译成汉语l1. It looks as if (as though) it is going to rain.l2.

22、He will not tell the secret even thoughl(even if) he knows it.l3. He will not tell the secret though he knows it.看起来好像要下雨。即使他知道这个秘密，他也不肯说出来。他虽然知道这个秘密，但他不会说出来。16. at the beginning; in the beginninglat the beginning在初；在开始的时候，常与of连用。lStudents usually have a study plan at the beginning of term.lin the b

23、eginning相当于at first,表示“起初、开始”时，含“起初是这种情况，而后来却不是这种情况”之意，不与of连用。lIn the beginning, some of us took no interest in physics.即学即练1.He told his own story in New York_ the meeting.2._, some Chinese students are not interested in learning English.at the beginning ofIn the beginning17. at the age of; by the

24、age ofat the age of 表示“在岁时”，后面接基数词，强调某一时刻的情况或动作，用于一般过去时，作时间状语。At the age of six, he began to learn English.by the age of表示“到岁的时候”、“在岁以前”，后面接基数词，强调到某一时刻为止的结果，用于过去完成时或将来完成时，做时间状语。By the age of sixteen, he had learned to drive a car.即学即练l1. She learned to play the piano _lten.l2. You will have learned

25、more than 2,000 English words _fourteen.at the age ofby the age of18.at the time; at that time; at one time; at a timelat the time通常用于过去时句子中，指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”。lMany people saw the strange thing happen at the time.l当时，许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。l有时，at the time的后面可接 “of”短语。这时，它表示“在（某事态）发生的时候”或“在的时代”。lIt happen

26、ed at the time of King Alfred.l事情发生在阿尔弗雷德国王时期。lat that time则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。lat one time=during a period of time in the past “过去有一段时期”，“曾经”。lThey used to be good friends at one time.lat a time则意为“一次”，表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用，表示频率。lTake the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time.即学即练l1.

27、 Were you in San Francisco_ of the big earthquake?l2.In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan. _ the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded.l3. Dont speak all at once. One _, please.l4. There used to be an old church in the small village_.at the timeAt that tim

28、eat a timeat one time19. atspeed; withspeedlat the speed of 或者atspeed, 意为“以的速度”。l而当speed被all, lightning,great等修饰时，介词应用with。我们可用一句话口诀来帮助记忆：l都（all）以闪电般（lightning）大（great）的速度行驶。即学即练l1. Our car was running _all speed on the expressway. 2. The Long March No. 2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space _ th

29、e speed of 11.2 kilometers per second.withat20. as; because; since; forl这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词，但是as, because, since是从属连词，引导原因状语从句，for是并列连词，所引导的不是原因状语从句，而是表示理由的对等句子，是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为because since as for。lbecause引导的从句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系，在回答why的提问时，必须用because作答。las 与since引导的从句多置于句首，不过a

30、s表示十分明显的原因，只说明一般的因果关系，可译为“因为、由于”；而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因，一般可译为“既然”。For引导的从句一般放在句末，其前用逗号，它所叙述的理由是间接的，即推测性理由，或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。即学即练l1. We stayed at home _ it rained.l2. _everyone is here, lets start.l3. _ he was not feeling well, I decided to go there alone.l4. There must be nobody in the classroom,l_

31、the light is off.becauseSinceAsfor21. believe; believe inlbelieve作及物动词时，其后可跟名词，表示“相信”；后接从句或复合宾语时，表示“认为；料想；相信”等。lI believe what he says. 我相信他的话。lbelieve in 是一个动介型短语动词，表示“信奉；信仰”（指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心）和“信任（have trust in）”。lbelieve 和believe in后均可接表示人的名词或代词，但含义不同。lI believe in him. (I think he is a trustwo

32、rthy man.)lI believe him. (I believe what he says.)l即学即练l1. I _that he will succeed.l2. I _ having plenty of exercise.l3. They _ God.believebelieve inbelieve in22. belief; faith; trust; confidencel都含有“相信”的意思。lbelief指“承认某事是真的，尽管有或没有确凿的证据”，如：belief in ghost lfaith 指 “认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”，如：I have faith in

33、 his ability to succeed.l我相信他有成功的能力。ltrust指 “信赖、信任”，含有“坚定的信念”的意思，如： enjoy the trust of the peoplel得到人民的信任lconfidence 指“在有证据的基础上相信”，也常指“自信”、“有把握”，如： She has greatlconfidence in her success.l即学即练l1. He has a _ in God.l2.She has great _ in me, so I wont let her down.l3.Joyce is interested in computers,

34、 so he has _in computer examination.l4.I _ Mark, so I lent him some money.belieffaithconfidencetrusted23.besides; except; but; except for; apart from; as well as; along with; other thanlbesides, apart from, as well as 和along with用于肯定句中时，意为“除外（还有）”。lexcept/but意为“除外（不再有）”；lAll of them have seen the fi

35、lm except/but Wu Dong.l除了吴东外，他们都看过那部影片。lAll of them have seen the film besides/apart from/ as well as/ along with Wu Dong.l除了吴东看过那部影片外，他们也都看过了。lexcept后接名词、代词、-ing或不定式时，可以与but互换；except后接副词、介词短语时，一般不能为but所替换。lIll do everything except/but cook.lThis window is never opened except in summer.除了在夏天，这个窗子从不打

36、开。lexcept for 表示“除了某一点”，排除的不是同类人或物；而except排除的是同类的人或物。lToms quite good-looking except his nose.l汤姆除了鼻子外，哪点儿都好看。lWe all have already been to Beijing except Meimei.l除了梅梅外，我们都已经去过北京。lother than一般用于否定句，表示“除了外（不再有）”。lHe has no close friends other than Jack.l除了杰克外，他没有别的知心朋友。l用在否定句中， but, except, besides和ot

37、her than一般可以互换。lThere arent any other people to do the work except/but/besides/ other than you.即学即练l1. I have learnt two other foreign languages _French.l2.We all took part in the party _ Tom lbecause he was ill then.l3. He has no choice _lto study hard.l4. There is nothing in the room _l_a large ta

38、ble.besides/apart from/as well as/along withexceptbut/except/other thanbesides/butexcept/ other than24.be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about; be anxious thatlbe anxious to do sth. 急于/渴望做某事lbe anxious for +名词/代词，强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事；后接sb. to do sth.时，表示“渴望某人能做某事”。lbe anxious about 对感到不安/担心/忧虑lbe

39、 anxious that+从句（从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气）。即学即练l1. I _the result of the examination.l2. We _know the result of the examination.l3.We_Mr. Liu to help us with our English.l4. Mr. Li _ a new car.l5.They _ arrive home before dark.l6.We_she could do her best.am anxious about/forare anxious toare anxious foris anxio

40、us forare anxious toare anxious that25.be known as/for/ to/inlbe known as +身份/职业 “作为而著名”lLiu Huan is known as a singer.lbe known for+特点/特长 “因而著名”lMr. Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day.lbe known to其后接表示人的词语，“为所了解/知道”。“（人们都）知道”，其后接动词原形。lHe was known to have inven

41、ted many things.l=It was known that he had invented many things.lbe known in 在某地很著名lHe is well-known in the town where he was born.即学即练1.Were sure youll _an artist.2.Guilin _her beautiful mountains and rivers.3. He_ all in our village at the moment.4.Lu Xun _ Shaoxing of Zhejiang province.be well-kn

42、own asis known foris known tois known in26.be made of/in/from/ by /up oflbe made of指从原材料到制成品，只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化（属物理变化）。lbe made from,指从原材料到制成品，发生了质的变化，已无法复原（属化学变化）。lbe made in +时间/地点, “某物何时制造的、某地生产某物”。lbe made by+动作的执行者 “由制成”lbe made up of“由构成/组成”,强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。即学即练l1.This bike _ Tianjin.l2.

43、This table _wood.l3. The car _1999.l4. Paper _ wood.l5. The kite _ my mother.l6. The team _ten members.was made inis made ofwas made inis made fromwas made byis made up of27.be used for/ as/ bylbe used for表示“被用作”或“被用来做”,后面接名词或v.-ing,其中for表示目的。lbe used as表示“作为而用”或“用作”,l后面接名词或动词不定式，强调使用的工具及手段。be used

44、by表示“由使用”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调使用者。即学即练l1. A telephone _betterlcommunication(交流).l2.The motorbike_ Liu Ming.l3. A ruler _ often _a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open.is used foris used byisused as28. be pleased with sb.be pleased at/about sth./doing sth./ to do lbe pleased with sb. 对满意；喜欢lbe pleased

45、 at/about sth./doing sth l对（看到或听到的）事感到高兴lbe pleased to do sth. 很高兴或很乐意做某事即学即练l1. The manager_ you before.l2.My boss must _see you again in Hong Kong.l3.I _seeing so many students present.l4. I hear Mr. Zhao _your article.lwas pleased withbe pleased toam pleased at/aboutis pleased at/ about29.be to d

46、o sth.; be about to do sth.;be going to do sth.lbe to do sth. 表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，后可跟时间状语。lYoure to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.l十点钟以前你得交上试卷。lbe about to do sth.表示打算或安排即将发生的动作，它通常不与时间状语连用。lI was about to go out when someone knocked at the door.lBe going to do sth.有三层含义：l1）表示打算、计划或决定要做某事。lWere going

47、 to spend our holidays in Wales this year.l2)用以表示某事物即将发生或很可能发生。lIm going to be twenty next month.l3）有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。lLook at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm.即学即练l将下列句子译成英语。l1.天黑之前我必须到达目的地。（be to do）l2.我正要去上班，这时电话铃响了。（be about to do）l3.明年我们将完成这项工程。（be going to do）I was to reach the d

48、estination before darkness.I was about to go to work when the telephone rang.We are going to complete the project next year.30.beat; strike; hitlstrike通常表示“打一下、打若干下”，不一定都是有意的；还有“打动，使着迷，某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义；也可指“打、擦出（火），（蛇、兽）抓，或（钟）敲响”。lhit指“打中”或“对准来打”，“敲打或打击对方的某一点”。lbeat 着重“连续地打击”。如：殴打或体罚；也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方

49、；也指“心跳”。即学即练1.I could always _my brother at chess.2. He is still alive-I can feel his heart _.3.She _him playfully over the head with newspaper.4. We were _ by the generosity of even the poorest citizens.5. A snowball _ him on the back of the head.beatbeatinghitstruckstruck31.blame;scold; accuselbla

50、me“责备；责怪”，指某人应对自己不好的行为负责（常与for连用）,或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人（常与on或uopn连用），往往含有把自己当作评判人来评判某事，没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。例如：lHe blamed Tom for the failure.lscold “责骂”，指唠唠叨叨地数说某人，多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。例如：lI hate to scold , son, but you mustnt stay out so late at night.Accuse “责备，谴责，控告”，语气较重，常用结构为accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 谴责某人做了

51、某事或控告某人做了某事Are you accusing me of lying to the boss?你在谴责我对老板撒谎吗？即学即练1.Dont _ it on him, but on me.2.Dont _ the child. Its not his fault.3.Tom _me of stealing his computer when he was out.4. The vase was broken while I was away, so I dont know who to _.blamescoldaccusedblame32.blow down; blow in; blo

52、w off; blow overblow down 表示“吹到”、“刮倒”。blow in 表示“吹进”、“吹入”。blow off表示“吹掉”、“炸掉”、“发泄”。blow over表示“暴风雨吹散”、“过去”、“结束”。即学即练l1. The high winds yesterday _lthousands of trees.l2.We sometimes had quarrels, but they soon _.l3. I had my hat _.l4. A lot of dust _. You must clear it away.blew downblew overblown o

53、ffhas blown in33.break up/down/out/into/in/away/throughbreak up表示“打碎”、“变坏”、“分解”、“终止”、“破裂”。break down表示“瓦解”、“分解”、“失败”、“出故障”、“破坏”、“拆毁”。break out表示“爆发”、“突然发生”。break into表示“强行进入”、“闯入”、“破门而入”、“打断（谈话、讨论）”、“突然来”。lbreak in表示“闯入”、“打断”、“插嘴”，其中in是副词。lbreak away表示“脱逃”、“脱离”、“突然离开”、“隔出”、“戒除”，常与from连用。lbreak throu

54、gh表示“战胜”、“突围”、“穿过而出现”、“突破”。即学即练1.He said his computer_.2.Those old cars will be _for scrap(废铁).3. Last night somebody _ Mr. Browns house and took away many things.4.A fire _after we had gone home.5. The boy often _while his parents are speaking.had broken downbroken upbroken intobroke outbreaks in即学

55、即练6. You must _from bad habits.7. After the heavy rain the sun _The clouds.8. A thief _ and stole a lot of things last night.9. Tom _ the motor bike which he bought five years ago.10. The ice began to _ on the river.break awaybroke throughbroke inbroke downbreak up34. bring on/in/out/down/back/upbri

56、ng on使发生；引起；端上（饭菜）。Tom often brings on meals and his brother, Jim picks up the dishes after meals.The sudden cold weather brought on his cold again.bring in表示“把引进来”、“赚入”、“获利”、“把拿进来”、“吸收”。His new business brings in 1000 dollars.We also brought in some words from English.bring out取出；说出；阐明；出版He brought

57、 out his gun and pointed at me.Bring out the meaning more clearly.They have brought out a set of childrens books.bring back 表示“使回想起”、“归还”、“带回来”。bring down表示“使倒下”、“减少”、“降低（价格、温度）”。bring up表示“呕吐出”、“养育”。即学即练1.Her singing _ memories of my mother.2. They also _some words from their own languages.3. The w

58、ind _a number of trees.4. He _all he had eaten.5.Can you try to get them to _the price?6.All library books must be _before June 25.7.Mr. White _ $500 a week.8.You must manage to _ the temperature.brings backbrought inbrought downbrought upbring downbrought backis bringing inbring down35.broad; wide

59、两者都表示两边或两点之间的距离；都有“宽的”之意。broad着重某物覆盖的范围（如肩、背、胸等的宽），还可表示“宽宏大量”，“广博的，丰富的”。wide着重指边沿间相隔的距离大。另外，wide还表示（人、物、形式等）“广泛的，广阔的，范围广的”。Looking at the new-type camera, the young man with broad shoulders was surprised with his mouth wide open.即学即练1.She has a very _range of interests.2.We went along a _ carpeted p

60、assage.3.There is _gap between the developed countries and the developing ones.4. Her eyes grew _ in surprise at the exciting news.broadbroadwidewide36. but; however这两个连词都有“但是，可是，然而”之意。but连接两个分句或有关部分，表示转折或逻辑上的对比关系，使用最广，口语中更为常见。We love peace but we are not afraid of war.however转折意为比but弱，连接的两个分句或有关部分的

61、关系较为松弛，后一部分常起附带说明或衬托作用。However常以插入语形式出现在句子中间，前后用逗号隔开，也可置于句首或句末。Later, however, he decided to go.即学即练1.He promised us to take part in our party,_he didnt take up at all at last.2. This method has been widely adopted. _, it is not yet clear that it is the best method.butHowever37. by sea; by the seaby

62、 sea意为“走海路；坐轮船”，其中by表示乘坐交通工具或行走方式， by与名词间不可用冠词。by the sea意为“在海边”，其中by表示“在旁边”，by与后面的名称间常有冠词修饰。请比较下面类似有这样区别的短语：by ship乘船 by a ship 在一艘轮船旁边by land从陆路 by the land在岸边（在陆地旁边）by taxi乘出租车 by the taxi 在出租车旁边by road从陆路 by the road在路边即学即练1.They will go to America _.2.There is a small village _.by seaby the sea

63、38.daily; everyday; every daydaily用作名词意为“日报”。如：China Daily中国日报，它用作形容词，意同everyday;用作副词时意同every day。everyday意为“每日的、日常的”，在句中作定语。everyday English=daily English 日常英语everyday life=daily life 日常生活every day 意为“每天”用作副词，在句中作状语。He comes here every day.=He comes here daily.即学即练1.He gets up early to exercise _.2

64、. I enjoy listening to _English.every day/dailyeveryday/daily39.damage;destroy;ruin这三个词都有“破坏；损坏”的意思，区别如下：damage意为 “损坏；破坏”。它可用于表示损坏或破坏具体的物品，一般暗示损坏后价值或效益会降低，这种损坏是部分性的，通常指损坏的程度不那么严重，还可以修复再用。也可用于表示损坏抽象的东西，有时该词也用于借喻。The car was not damaged badly in the accident, but five people were seriously hurt.Smokin

65、g has damaged his health badly.damage还可以用作可数或不可数名词。The earthquake did a lot of damages to the city.destroy意为“破坏；摧毁；消灭；毁灭”，通常指程度非常严重的“毁坏”，一般情况下不可以修复再用。另外，它既可表示毁坏具体的物品，也可表示毁坏抽象的东西。The Nazi wanted to destroy peoples hopes, but in the end what was destroyed was the Nazis dream by the power of people.rui

66、n多用于借喻中，有时泛指一般性的破坏，指把某物损坏到了不能再使用的程度。The rain will ruin the crops.即学即练1.Her heart was slightly _as a result of her long illness.2. What they said and did _the relations between the two countries.(他们的言行损害了这两个国家之间的关系。)3.The big fire _the whole house.4. I was _by that law case; Im a ruined man! 我被那场官司毁了

67、，我破产了。damageddamageddestroyedruined40.day by day; day after dayDay by day 意为“一天一天地”，“逐日”，表示事情的逐渐变化过程。该短语只能作状语。如：Its getting colder day by day.Day after day意为“日复一日”、“一天又一天”，表示一个重复（周而复始或循环重复）的动作或事件。该短语可做主语和状语。Day after day went by, and still no message arrived.即学即练1.The boy is getting better and _.2.

68、I have to do the same work _.day by dayday after day41. deal with; do with; get rid ofget rid of 表示“处理”，侧重“消灭；摆脱或清除”。deal with和do with侧重“处理”的手段、方法或方式。do的后面可接宾语，deal的后面不接宾语；do with常与what连用， deal with常与how连用。另外， deal with sb.还表示“和某人有社交、商业”等关系。deal with sth. 还表示“以某事物作为内容，讨论某事物”。即学即练1.If they are not co

69、ming, we can _the tickets.2. How did they _ matters of this sort?3. What did you _ the broken car?4. Mr. Zhang wrote a book _life in England.5. We should _ the weeds in the fields.get rid ofdeal withdo withdealing withget rid of42. depressed; sad; sorry; sorrowful; worried这五个形容词都表示心情不好，但是意思有所区别：depr

70、essed表示受打击后精神不振，缺乏激情；有悲伤的感情。sad 悲哀的；显得悲哀的；让人难过的sorry有对不起之意，通常用来表达遗憾，同情之意。sorrowful比较正式，常用于表达悲伤懊悔之情。a sorrowful occasion 令人心酸的场合worried有担心，担忧的意义。即学即练1.I am _to hear that your mother is sick.2. He felt _because of not passing the examination.3. The two children cried and cried after their mother died,

71、 which was a _occasion.4. She felt _about her mothers health.5.He gave a slight,_ smile.sorrydepressedsorrowfulworriedsad43.discover; invent; find; find outinvent 意为“发明”，指通过劳动运用聪明才智“发明，创造”出以前从未存在过的新事物。Who invented the telephone?He invented a new teaching method.find 意为“找到，发现”，指找到或发现自己所需要的东西或丢失的东西，着重

72、指找到的结果。Weve found oil under the South Sea.They finally found a way.discover 意为“发现”，表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误，即指发现原来客观存在但不为人所知的事物，也可表示发现已为人所知的事物的新的性质或用途。Columbus discovered America in 1492.We soon discovered the truth.find out指经过研究或询问查明某事或真相。即学即练1.Edison _the electric lamp.2. I lost my necklace la

73、st night. I havent _ it.3. Who _ America first?4. Can you _ what time the train leaves?inventedfounddiscoveredfind out44.ever before; ever since; ever afterever before意为“比以往任何时候”，其中的before为副词，常与比较级连用并放在than之后。Ever用来加强before的语气，before有时可以省略。ever since意为“从之后一直”，其中的since既可作副词，也可作连词，该短语与完成时连用。有时ever可以省略

74、。ever after意为“从那以后”，其中的after可作连词，也可作副词，该短语常与过去式连用。即学即练1.He went to Tibet in 1969 and has lived there_.2.The flowers grow more beautiful than _.3. The couple lived a hard life_.ever sinceever beforeever after45.gather round; gather in; gather up; gather fromgather round表示“聚集在周围”、“聚集在一起”。gather in表示“收

75、获庄稼”。gather up表示“收拾起来”、“抱起来”。gather from表示“从推测”、“从推想”，后面与that-clause连用。即学即练1.I _ her letter that she is very happy now.2. The students in our class _Mr. Li.3.Youd better _ your books and put them away.4. The farmers _ the wheat now.5.All the workers _him and asked him what was wrong with him at all.

76、gather fromgathered roundgather upare gathering ingathered round46.get away (from); run away (from);escape (from); fleeget away (from)及run away (from), escape (from)指安全地“逃走或跑掉”，强调结果；这几个词均可表示“逃”，表示“逃”的动作或行为，含有动作快速而敏捷之意，多用于口语中。但是，run away尤指潜逃；escape指脱离或避开即将来临或近在眼前的伤害、危险、灾祸等事物。如：escape from prison另外，表示

77、“从某处抽身”，一般用get away from。eg. get away from the meeting.flee强调“逃”这一动作急促或迅速，不强调结果。还有“飞逝、消亡”之意。选用时根据上下文的含义来定。The man fled from the house into the night.即学即练1.He _ from the fire.2. Im afraid she cant _from the meeting.(我恐怕她很难从会议中抽身。)3. Time _ without delay.(时光飞逝不等人。)ran away/got away/escapedget awayflee

78、s away47.give up; give in; give outgive up指行为或努力受挫或别的原因而主动放弃，可用作及物动词，跟名词或v-ing作宾语。也可做不及物动词；give out意为“用完；耗尽；体力不支”，是不及物动词。give in指不再坚持自己的行为或观点等，而按别人的要求去做，一般做不及物动词。The wind was strong and the waves were big, so he had to give up attempting/his attempt to swim the channel.即学即练All the girls finished the

79、 race except two who _ half way.As neither of the two sides would _,the agreement fell through.After a long journey, my strength _and couldnt walk any farther.gave upgive ingave out48.glance,stare, glare这组动词都与“看”有关。glance意为“匆匆一瞥”，是不及物动词，其后必须接介词at, over, down等才可以接宾语。如： She glanced down the list of na

80、mes.她由上而下匆匆地看了一下名单。stare意为“凝视”，它也是一个不及物动词，其后通常接介词at才能接宾语。glare意为“怒视；瞪眼”，也是不及物动词，其后要接介词at才能接宾语。They glared at each other across the table.即学即练1.He _at his watch.2. She _at him in surprise.3. They stood _at each other.(他们互相怒目而视地站着。)glancedstaredglaring49.go on to do sth; go on doing sth; go on with st

81、h.这三个短语都有继续做某事的意思，但在含义上有所不同。go on to do sth.表示“接着做另一件事情”，即接下去做与原来不同的一件事。go on with sth.表示“继续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事。”go on doing sth.表示“间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”，其后一般接代词作宾语。通常情况下，go on doing sth.和go on with sth.可互换。即学即练用go on with, go on to do, go on talking and laughing填空：1.After they had read the text, the st

82、udents _the exercises.2. The students _all the way.3.After a rest, we _ our lesson.went on to dowent on talking and laughingwent on with/went on doing50.habit; practice; custom; convention这组名词一般含义为“习惯”。habit指个人的“习惯”，通常用于表示做事、思考问题或行为举止的不自觉的方式方法。practice既可表示个人的也可表示社会的“习惯”，这种“习惯”从性质上看是一种反复不断的或是有选择性的行为或

83、者方法。 On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat-the normally accepted practice in many northern countries.custom具有habit和practice的一切含义，此外，custom还包含这样一层意思：长期而广泛采用的行为或方法，即风俗习惯，按照某地区人们共同生活及其行为的准则或规范，它不仅有指导意义，而且具有必须遵循的意义。Dont be a slave to custom.不要做风俗习惯的奴隶。co

84、nvention 其实是其他3个词的近义词，它的含义为：固定的或公众一致承认的行事或表达思想的方法。即学即练1.That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad_ of dozing off in front of the screen.2.She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room Doors were open, yet following her general _she had shut them before g

85、oing out.habitpractice3. From the moment of his birth the _Into which he is born shape his experience and behavior.4. They disagreed social _ without being conscious that they are doing anything extraordinary.customsconventions51. hand down; hand in; hand over; hand out; hands uphand down 把传下来Their

86、knowledge, customs and memories were handed down by the elders of the race.hand in 把交上来、交给、递交 Time is up. Hand in your examination papers.hand over 转交、移送Please hand over this money to Xiao Zhou.hand out 散发When I got to the classroom the teacher had already begun handing out the test papers.hands up

87、举起手来即学即练1.After class, you must _ your homework.2. If you have any questions to ask, please _.3. The thief was _ to the police.4. The story was _from one generation to another.hand inhands uphanded overhanded down52. have sb. do sth.have sb./sth. doing sth; have sth. donehave sb. do sth. 使（让、请）某人做某事

88、，其中做宾补的不带to的不定式只表示发生过某事。The soldiers had the boy stand his back to his father.have sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人（某事）一直做某事，其中做宾补的现在分词表示保持或一直存在的状态。The two cheats had their lights burning all night long.Although the farm is large, my dad has only two men working for him.have sth. done 有两层含义：其一，作“（有意的）让他人为自己做

89、某事”解，即过去分词所表示的动作由别人完成，而宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者或动作对象。Ill have a new suit made of this cloth.其二作“（无意识地）让某人（物）遭受不幸”解。He had his handbag stolen.53. hear of; hear from; hearhear of 表示“听人说起”、“听说过”，侧重于间接听说。hear 表示“听见”、“听到”，后面接名词、代词或宾语从句。hear from表示“收到的来信”、“收到的来电”，后面接指人的名词或代词。即学即练1.I _ that our team won.2.I _ my b

90、rother twice a month.3.I _ her death last week.4. Can you _some birds singing?heardhear fromheard ofhear54. holiday (holidays); leave; vacation这三个词都有“假日（期）”的意思，但含义用法并不相同。holiday (holidays)一般指“休假”。 Ive already had my holidays this year.注：have a (ones) holiday 度假 during a holiday在一次假期中 这种用法的holiday总用单

91、数形式，但并不只是“一天”假。复数形式的holidays泛指“假日”，如summer holidays暑假。leave指 “请假”，被批准后离开自己的工作的一段时间。vacation在英国指大学的寒暑假或法定不工作的日子，美国可指任何假日（期）。Mr. Fuller is on vacation now.即学即练1.Tom and I are going to have a _.2. During a _ in Sweden, I found this note on my car.3. He stays at home on sick _.4. The students are planni

92、ng how to spend their summer _.5. He asked for a six months _.55. hurt; injure; wound; cuthurt为普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害（可被badly, slightly, seriously等修饰），也可指精神上、感情上的伤害（被very much, rather,deeply修饰），多指伤痛。injure比hurt正式，主要指意外事故损害健康、容貌等，强调功能的损失。wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，尤其指用武器有意造成的伤口、伤疤或战场上受伤。也可指人们精神上的创伤。cut指无意

93、中造成的轻伤。即学即练1. I _my leg badly in the football match.2. He felt rather _at your words.3. A bullet _his left eye.4. The thief _him with a knife.5. You have _his pride.6. How did you get that _ on your hand?hurthurtinjuredwoundedwoundedcut56.illness; sickness; disease三者均有“病或疾病”之意。disease具体指身体上发生的任何不适或疾

94、病，可引申为某种“弊端”，如：heart disease ;disease of society 社会弊端 等。sickness 和illness可指任何疾病或不适。但在英国，用法有些区别：sickness多用来指恶心、呕吐之类的疾病及因某种外因引出的疾病。illness主要用于因人体内部的虚弱或失调引起的疾病。在时间上，短时的病痛多用sickness,较长时间的病痛多用illness。即学即练1.He suffered from mountain _.（他患有高山病。）2. The child has suffered from _for two years.3. Rough seas ca

95、used much _among the passengers.（汹涌的海浪使许多乘客感到恶心。）sicknessillnesssickness57. increase (decrease)by; increase (decrease)to与increase, decrease搭配时， by 表示数量增加或减少的幅度，即在原有的基础上“增加或减少了多少”；to则表示“增加或减少到多少”。即学即练1.The production cost of these trucks has _ one third compared to last year. （与去年相比，这些卡车的生产成本降低了三分之一。

96、）2. The population of India has _one billion. （印度的人口已经增加到了十亿。）decreased byincreased to58. in all; at all; after allin all 意为“总共”，既可放在句首，也可放在句末。after all 意为“毕竟”。表示“和预期相反”，常放在句末；用来提醒不要忘记某个重要的结论或理由，一般放在句首。后者也可译为“要记住，别忘了”。at all用在否定句或本身带不肯定意义的肯定句中，以加强语气，意为“根本；竟然”。即学即练1.I thought he was going to help us,

97、 but he didnt _.2. There are 25,000 Inuit （因纽特人）_.3.I dont agree with you _.after allin allat all59.in the morning; on the morning of按英语的习惯用法， in the morning(afternoon/evening)表示“在早上（下午）晚上”之意，而on the morning (afternoon/evening) of则表示“在某个具体的一天的早上（下午/晚上）”之意。He often reads English and Chinese in the mo

98、rning.At 14:28 on the afternoon of May 12th, 2008, a terrible earthquake happened in Sichuan province.即学即练1.I like reading novels _the evening every day.2. The 29th Olympic Games were held _the evening of August 8th,2008 in Beijing.inon60. in the way; in a way; in no way; on the wayin the way 意为“挡道；

99、妨碍（某人）”in a way 意为“用某种方法（做某事）”。名词way前面常有形容词或this/that修饰。He worked out the problem in a simple way.【注意】如果 in a way 单独使用，way前不加任何修饰语，意为“在某种程度上；在某些方面（某一点上）”。in no way 意为“决不；一点儿也不”，常用来加强语气。on the way意为“在途中”，其后常接to,表示“在去某地或做某事的路上”。即学即练1.Tell the boy not to stand _.2. _over several days the artist and his

100、 mouse became good friends.3. The article is well written _.4. They are similar to each other _.5. He lost his ticket _to the cinema.in the wayIn this wayin a wayin no wayon the way61.just; just now它们都有“刚”的意思，都与时间有关。just表示“刚，刚刚”，多与完成时连用。just now表示“刚才”，强调过去的动作，所以与一般过去式态连用。即学即练1.Ive _borrowed a pictur

101、e book.2. She ate a big apple _.justjust now62. knockinto; knock into; knock down; knock at/onknock into意为“把插/撞/敲/打入中”knock into 意为“撞在上”。into是介词，只能位于其宾语前。knock down意为“撞倒；打倒”。Down为副词，宾语是名词时，down可位于名词前或后；宾语是人称代词时，down必须位于宾语后。knock at/on意为轻轻而有节奏地“敲”。它常用来表示“敲门/窗”等。即学即练1.Then they _a stick _ the earth.（然

102、后他们把木棒插入泥土中。）2. Who is _ the door?3. He _his opponent _ three times in his first round.4.The two trucks _each other at the corner.knocked intoknocking at/onknocked downknocked into63.manage to do sth.; try to do sth. try doing sth.manage to do sth.暗含succeed in doing sth.之意，指“（经过努力和克服困难之后）将某事做成”，即经过努

103、力达到了目的，重点在于结果，后接动词不定式，不接v.-ing。He managed to finish the work in time.他总算按时完成了任务。try to do sth. 指“设法或试图”做某事，强调要做某事或尽力做某事（但不一定成功）。Try not to be late again.Try doing sth.的意思是“（用某种方法）试一试或试试看”，指“试”的方法或方式，看看情况会怎样或结果是否满意。Try knocking at the back door if nobody answers you at the front door.如果前门没人应，试着敲敲后门。即

104、学即练1.He _sending her flowers, but it didnt have any effect. (他试着给她送花，但无济于事。)2. She will _learn English.3. Do you think you can _get us some tickets?（你看能想办法给我们搞几张票吗？）triedtry tomanage to64. meet; meet withmeet 可作“遇见”，“迎接”解。meet with表示 “遇见”，“碰到”时，常含有“偶尔”的意思（=come across, come upon）。此外，meet with还可以表示“遭

105、遇”或“经历”的意思。在美国英语中，meet with还可以表示“会见”。即学即练1.I often _her on the street.2. She said she had to go to the station to _her uncle.3. I have _this word many times in my reading.4. You should not lose heart when you _difficulty in learning a foreign language.5. The department head _her in his office.meetme

106、etmet withmeet withmet with65. meeting; conference; gathering; partymeeting可以用于两人或多人，表示偶然的或拟定的，短暂的或持续的聚会。它的用途很广，可用于日常普通场合，也可用于特殊的或官方的正式场合。The students had a class meeting last Friday.conference指专门性的正式会议，常用于就某个重大问题进行专门研究或交换意见的讨论会、协商会等。Many reporters came to attend the press conference.gathering 一般指非正

107、式的集会，常用于群众性的活动（像联欢会等）。party指社交性或娱乐性的集会。Mr. Brown gave a dinner party last Thursday.即学即练1.The summit _of the state heads came to an end two days later.2. The annual _ of geologists will be held in Chicago this year.3. A public _was held in Zhongshan Park on May Day.4. Mary and I were invited to Janes

108、 birthday _the other day.meetingconferencegatheringparty66. merely; only; just这三个词作副词表示“仅、只”可以换用，并且都放在它们所修饰的成分之前，merely的用法较正式。如： Shes come here just/only/merely to see you.作形容词时，only表示“仅有的”；mere表示“仅仅的、单单的”；just意为“公正的”。a just man光明正大的人Mere words wont help.即学即练1.Instead of answering, she _ smiled.2. T

109、hey were the _people who had the keys.merely/only/justonly67. none; nobody (no one); nothingnone 既可指人又可指物，意为“没有任何人或物；一个人也没有”，后可跟of短语连用，做主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。None常用来回答how many提问的问题。-Have you bought any clothes?-None.None of us has/have been to Macao.no one=nobody,只能指人，意为“没有人”。它常用来回答who提问的问题。nothing只能指物，表

110、示“没有什么(东西)”。它们不可与of短语连用，做主语时谓语动词只能用单数。常用来回答what提问的问题。Nobody (No one) likes to lose money, does he?Theres nothing in the bag.即学即练用none; nobody (no one); nothing填空。1.-How many people are there in the meeting room?-_, they are still on the way.2.-Who is in the waiting room?-_, its being repaired.3. -Wh

111、ats on your table?-_, Im cleaning it.NoneNo oneNothing68.occur; happen; take place三者都表示“发生”，都是不及物动词。happen指“偶然发生”时，主语为“事”；当主语是“人”时，意为“碰巧”。occur指 “发生”时可与happen换用，但后接 to sb. 时，两者含义不同： happen to sb.指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上；occur to sb.指“某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中”。take place表示“发生”，可与happen或occur换用，但其后面一般不接to sb./sth.结构；指必

112、然会发生的事情时，多用take place;此外take place还可表示“举行某种活动”。即学即练1.He _to know the place.2. When did the earthquake _?3. Didnt it _ to you to phone them about it?4. Has anything _to him?5. In 1919, the May 4th Movement _in China.happenedoccur/happenoccurhappenedtook place69. official; officerofficial常指政府官员，行政官员，高

113、级职员。the government officials 政府官员officer 常指穿着特别制服的官员，军官，武官等。officers of state 部长(职位较高的)customs officer海关人员railway officer乘务员an officer of the law法官 police officer 警官70. on earth; on the earth; in the earthon earth有三层含义和用法：作“到底”或“究竟”解，置于what, when等疑问词之后，以加强问句的语气。What on earth is it?作“当今”或“世界上”解，用于最高级

114、之后，以加强语气。He said, “Im the happiest man on earth.”用于否定词之后，作“一点儿也不”解，以加强否定的语气。Its no use on earth.on the earth作“在地球上”解。in the earth为“在地下”之意。即学即练1.Why _did you tell a lie?2. He said, “Nothing _can change my mind.”3. We live _.4. Many other animals dig holes _.on earthon earthon the earthin the earth71.

115、 once; as soon as两者均为从属连词，引导时间状语从句，都表示主句的动作紧跟在从句的动作之后发生。主要区别在于：once除含时间之意外，还表示“条件”，一般译作“一旦就”。as soon as强调的只是时间，译作“刚就”或“一就”。即学即练1. _he makes up his mind, hell never give it up.2. _ I get to Beijing, Ill write to you.OnceAs soon as72. particular; especial; specialparticular着重指同类事物中某一个具有独特性质的事例，是相当于“一般

116、”而言的“特殊”、“特定”。special和especial都有“特殊的，特别的”之意。What are your special interests (hobbies)?不同的是，special还有“专门的，额外的”的意思。Take special care of it. 即学即练1.On that _day the stores are closed.2. Collecting stamps is a matter of _interest.（集邮是特别有趣的事。）3.You need a _tool to do that.particularespecialspecial73. pers

117、uade sb. to do sth. advise sb. to do sth.; try to persuade sb. to do sth.persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人干某事，其结果是成功的（即成功地说服某人干某事）。advise sb. to do sth. 劝说某人干某事，其结果可能是劳而无功（即“说”而未“服”）。try to persuade sb. to do sth. 尽力说服某人干某事，相当于advise sb. to do sth.即学即练1.Tom _his father to give up smoking at last.2. She _

118、her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldnt listen.3. I tried to _him to continue his study, but I failed.persuadedadvisedpersuade74. pity; shame两者均可表示“遗憾的事”，常与a连用，指没实现某种愿望而感到遗憾、懊悔或可惜，可以换用。It is a shame/pity that you cant help us.你不能帮助我们真是遗憾。Shame还可表示“可耻之事；令人难堪的事”，指说话人对某种行为感到厌烦、憎恶或讨厌，而pity没有这一意

119、思。Its a shame to be so wasteful.即学即练1.What a _ that she can not come!2. Its a _ to treat animals like that.pity/shameshame75. point to; point outpoint to 表示“指向”，“指着”，其中to表示方向； point out表示“指出”。即学即练1.Mr. Li _ one of these things.2. Can you _my mistakes?points topoint out76. possibly; probably; perhaps

120、; maybe这几个副词都有“可能”的意思。Possibly “或许；也许”，所指的可能性较小，为加强语气，可与can或could连用；与may连用，表示的可能性更小。It may possibly be true.也许是真的。Probably “很有可能；十之八九”，其语义较强，可能性较大。在否定句中，probably不仅紧跟在否定词之后。译：她大概不会来这里。Probably she wont come here.She probably wont come here.She wont come here probably.She wont probably come here.perha

121、ps “或许”，含有“可能这样，也可能不这样”之意，其含义和用法与maybe一样，多用于口语。maybe多用于美国英语。在这几个单词中，语义最强的是probably,其次是perhaps和maybe,最弱的是possibly。即学即练1.Could you _ tell me the answer?2. It will _be fine tomorrow.3. _wed better take a bus.4. Please call me as soon as you _ can.possiblyprobablyPerhaps/Maybepossibly77. power; force; s

122、trength三者都含“力”、“力量”的意思。power指“身体上、精神上或心理上的力量，不管是表现出来的还是潜在的”。force指 “运用或发挥出来的力量，可以克服阻力，使人或物按要求方向运动”。Strength指“内部固有的力量”，表示物质力量时，着重“体格或构造健全、完美等方面的力量，如体力强度等”；表示精神力量时，指“持久、坚定、无畏、坚韧等”。另外，strength还有“强项”之意。即学即练1.Its beyond his _.2. He did it with a great _.（他用了很大的力才把它做完了。）3. Meimei is good at maths, so math

123、s is her_.powerforcestrength78. preferto; prefer (to do)rather than (do)两个动词短语均可作“喜欢而不喜欢”或“宁愿而不愿”解，其后均可接名词。主要区别在于：preferto之后接动词时，均用-ing形式。而prefer to dorather than (do)之后接动词时，均要用动词原形。即学即练1.I _volleyball _basketball.2. Xiao Wu _work _sit idle.3. He _walking _cycling.4. Liu Hulan _ die _surrender befor

124、e the enemy.prefer to/rather thanprefer to rather thanprefer topreferred to rather than79. prepare; prepare for; preparefor; be prepared for; be (get) readyprepare sth. 准备某事，强调准备的过程或动作，宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者；另有“配置、调制”之意。prepare for意为“为作准备”，for后面的宾语是准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。prepare sth. for意为 “为做好准备”。be prepared for强

125、调准备好的状态。be (get) ready 意为“准备好”，着重指准备的结果。be (get) ready to do 还有“乐于干”即学即练1.We _the mid-term exam.2. Wheat can be _in many different ways.3. The students _their lessons _the exam.4. Can you _your future job?5. He _always _ to help others.6. Miss Li said, “Everyone should _before class.”are preparing f

126、orpreparedare preparingforbe prepared foris readybe/get ready80. prize; medalprize是表示 “奖品”或“奖金”之意。而medal是指“奖牌（章）”或“勋章”。即学即练1.Einstein won the Nobel _for Physics in 1921.2. She took the first _for her singing.3. Karl Lewis won four gold _.4. _was given to the brave fighter.PrizeprizemedalsMedal81. pu

127、t; place; lay三个词都能做“放”解，细微的差别在于：put常指把某物弄到某个地方，并把它留在那里。place主要指把东西放在一定的位置上。lay常指把某物平放在某处。注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别。lie (vi) lied-lied-lying 撒谎lie (vi.) laylainlying 躺；位于lay (vt.)laidlaidlaying 放；搁，产卵即学即练1.Please _the umbrella behind the door.2. She _ the table in the middle of the room.3. She _the table

128、for lunch.4. At the foot of the mountain _a small village.putplacedlaidlies82. pull; push; dragPull意为 “拉，扯，托，拽”。You push and I will pull. 你推，我拉。Push意为“推动（人或物），推进”。He pushed the cup to me.drag 意为“（使劲而吃力地）拉，托，扯，拽”。They dragged him from the ground.即学即练1._your chair nearer the table.2.We _and _ but the

129、piano wouldnt move.（我们推了又推，但钢琴一动不动。）3. I managed to _ myself out of bed.（我总算硬撑着从床上爬起来。）Pullpushed pusheddrag83. quiet; silent; still; calmquiet意为“安静的、寂静的”。用于自然环境，指没有活动、喧闹的寂静状态；指人时，表示生性安静、不易激动。Jane was a quiet girl.简是个天性好静的女孩。silent意为“寂静的、沉默的”，表示不说话、不弄出声响，但不一定指没有活动。The class was silent as the teacher

130、 explained the exam rules.still意为 “安静的、不动的”，不指心理状态，而指环境和人表面上无动作的平静状态。call意为“镇静的，沉着的；心平气和的”；“（海洋、湖泊等）平静的”；“（天气）无风的”。即学即练1.Be _. Your father is sleeping now.2. He always keeps _when the teacher questions him.3. Stand _while I take your photo.4. Faced with the enemy, Liu Hulan kept _.quietsilentstillca

131、lm84.raise; keep; support; feed这四个词都有“抚养”、“养家”、“赡养”的意思，但也有区别。raise意为“抚养（指人）；饲养（指动物或禽畜）”之意。He raised the children himself; his wife died years ago.keep表示“养活（指人）；饲养（指动物或禽畜）”。They kept some hens and pigs.support意为“养活”，不用于饲养动物。He has a large family to support.feed意为“喂养；饲养；以为食”。Have you fed the baby/cow

132、yet?She fed meat to her dog.= She fed her dog with/on meat.Foxes feed on small animals.即学即练1.He _those goats from new-born kids.2.John has his wife and six children to _.3. She _her old mother.4.She_ grass to her rabbit.= She _her rabbit with/on grass.5. Tigers _ on small animals.raisedkeep/supports

133、upportsfedfedfeed85.rather than; would ratherthanRather than是连词，前后两端所连的词性是一致的，通常译为“而不是”或“与其说是不如说是”，有时可用短语介词instead of 替代。He was writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.他那时正在写信而不在看报纸。John should go rather than Jean.Would rather表示选择或主观上的愿望，其中的would也可理解为had。它表示“宁愿、宁可”的意思。如果要把取舍的双方都表达出来，则应该用w

134、ould (or: had) rather than,表示“宁愿也不”的意思。I am sure they would (had) rather die than give up.即学即练1.These shoes are comfortable _pretty.2. Evans is a doctor _ a teacher.3. My aunt invited me to the film, but I said I _go on a picnic with the girls.rather thanrather thanwould/had rather86.refer to; refer

135、torefer to意为 （1）谈及，提到 （2）查阅，参考。Please refer to the map of the city when you first drive here.referto意为（1）把提交给，把归功于（2）让处理/查找，可用于被动语态。He referred me to the notes.即学即练1.You are the very person _ I just now.2. The dispute was _the United Nations.3. We _ our great development _ the correct leadership of

136、the Party.referred toreferred toreferredto87.reply; answer二者均可表示“回答”，可作名词和动词。answer为一般用语，主要用于对问题、指责等的回答。reply的用法较正式，多用于对问题作出解释、辩论或陈述性回答。二者作名词时都指 “的答案或答复”均与to连用。Answer this question.I asked her the reason, but she didnt reply.answer后面可直接跟宾语，而reply跟宾语时须与to连用；answer可表示对电话、敲门作出的应答，reply则不能。Who answered

137、the telephone?即学即练1.I received no _to my request.2. You must _this letter right away.3. The _to 610 is 60reply/answerreply to/answeranswer88. reward; award; prizeaward既可作名词又可作动词，意为“颁发，授予，决定，裁定；奖品，奖金”等，一般由政府或团体组织给予的奖励。构成动词短语为：award sth. to sb. (= award sb. sth.),给某人颁发奖品或奖金。reward用作名词，意为“报偿，报酬，赏金”；用作动

138、词，意为“给某人报酬，奖赏某人”，常构成短语：reward sb. for sth./ doing sth.因（做）某事而奖励某人。Prize作名词，意为“奖，奖金，奖品”，一般指对各种竞赛中获胜者所给予的奖励；作动词，意为“珍视，对高度重视”。即学即练1.She was _the Nobel Peace Prize for her contribution to the world peace.2. Guo Jingjing won the first _in dive contest in the 29th Olympic Games.3. Anyone providing informa

139、tion about the lost boy will be _.awardedprizerewarded89. road; street; way; pathRoad意为“路”，“道路”，指供车辆或人通过的广阔平坦的大道，常指“公路”，“马路”等，两侧一般没有建筑物。Jim and Li Lei meet on the road.Street指城镇、乡村两旁有建筑物的“街道”。“在街上”可以说on the street,也可以说in the street,前者是美国英语，后者是英国英语。There are many shops in the street.way意为“道路”，指street

140、, road或任何可以通行的路，含义较抽象。口语中问路时常用way;way还可指路程距离。It was a long way from here.path通常指“小路、小径”，只供人行走的路，可以是人们践踏而成的路，如山中、林间的羊肠小道；也可以指公园、田间的小路，还可以指供人或事物移动的“路线”等。They walked along the path across the field.即学即练1.The car is running _.2. Go along_, and take the third turning on the right.3. How can I get there?

141、I dont know _.in the street/ on the roadthe street/ the roadthe way90. room; place; spaceroom有两层含义，一为“房间”，是可数名词，二表示人或物体所占的“空间或场所”、处事的“余地”等意思，是不可数名词，可用little, much, no, plenty等词修饰，可构成make room for 给让出地方； take up room占地方 leave room for留出空间给等短语。place指人们从事各种活动的“地方，场所，位置”，是可数名词，常用的短语有take ones place就坐，入席

142、 in place在适当的位置。space“空间”，是不可数名词，表示万物存在之处；作“空隙、空白”解，是可数名词。即学即练1.There isnt _ in the classroom for thirty desks.2. Wuhans a hot _ in summer.3. There is _ in improvement in your work.place/roomplaceroom91. run away; run after; run throughrun through意为 “穿过；流过”等。run after意为“追赶；追逐；寻找；搜寻”等。run away 意为“逃走；

143、逃跑；溜掉”等。即学即练1.The dog _the hare（野兔） now.2. The river _the village.3. When the policeman arrived, the thief _.is running afterruns throughhad run away92. run out; run out ofrun out of 表示“某人用完某物”，相当于及物动词，后面可接宾语，并可用于进行时。run out指“某物用完了”，为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态。即学即练1.The fuel was _rapidly.2. We are _ fuel.3. Tim

144、e is _.running outrunning out ofrunning out93. satisfaction; contentsatisfaction“满足”，为名词，指达到希望时所感觉到的较强的满足感，其形容词为satisfactory（指事物，不可用人作主语）或satisfied（可用人作主语）。Your work is satisfactory.content “满足”，为普通用语，语气较弱，其要求值不高，一般的事情只要过得去或没有什么不满就算content,可作名词或形容词（可用人作主语）。He takes content in nothing.即学即练1.His succe

145、ss gave me great _.2. I am _at your success.3. He takes _ in everything.4. He is _ to live in the countryside.satisfactionsatisfiedcontentcontent94. search; search for; searchfor; in search of ; look forSearch 可作及物动词，后跟“人”时，意为“搜身”；后跟地点名词时，表示“对某地进行搜查”。也可在宾语后加for短语，表示搜查具体目标。The policemen searched ever

146、yone at the party.The enemy searched the mountain for the Red Army, but they failed.search for意为“寻找”，可视为是searchfor的省略式，此时search为不及物动词。She searched for her lost cat everywhere, but failed.另外，search可作名词，常构成短语：in ones search相当于in search of。They went out in their search for food.= They went out in searc

147、h of food.look for意为“寻找”，但没有search for注意力集中，地点名词不可直接跟在look for后作宾语，其前需加介词。What are you looking for on the playground?即学即练1.The policeman is _ a thief.2. They _that man everywhere.3. They went to Australia _gold.4. They _the woods _ a lost child.searchingsearched for/ looked forin search ofsearched f

148、or95.set about; set off; set out (to be); set toset about与set to 类似。Set about强调采取初步的措施或行动来开始做某事， set to强调认真，着力地开始做某事，后面都接名词或动名词短语。set out和set off作为“启程，出发”的意思一样，常可互换。但set off还有 “引发，引爆”的意思，set out则无此意；另外，set out to do sth. 开始着手做某事，而set off to do sth.通常指出发去干某事。set sb. off doing sth. 使某人开始干某事即学即练1.The a

149、nxious parents _ looking for their missing children immediately despite the darkness.（尽管天色已晚，焦虑的父母们立即开始寻找他们失踪的孩子们。）2.The young teacher _teaching the students after he got the job at the school.（这位年轻教师在学校找到工作后着手准备教学生。）set toset about3. Theyve _on a journey around the world. （他们已开始全球旅行。）4.Her imitatio

150、ns always _ us _ laughing. （她模仿别人的动作，每次都把我们逗笑。）set offset off96. so; such两者都可以表示“如此”、“这样”。So是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词； such是形容词，用来修饰名词，如果修饰单数可数名词（名词前常有形容词修饰），其后需加不定冠词a或an,即把不定冠词置于such的后面，形容词的前面。He writes so well.另外，当名词前有many, much, few, little等词修饰时，用so,不用such;当单数可数名词前有形容词修饰时，也可用so,但要调整冠词的位置，即冠词置于形容词之后，单数可数名词之前

151、。They made so much noise , our teacher got angry.He is so clever a boy that we all like him.即学即练1.He told us _a funny story.2. Its _cold a day today.= Its _ a cold day today.suchsosuch97. so as to; soas to; in order toin order to; so as to 二者均表示“以便；为了”，后接动词不定式作目的状语，可以换用；但so as to引导的目的状语不能置于句首，而 in o

152、rder to 则可以。 so+形容词/副词+as to 如此以至于，引导表示结果的状语。即学即练1._make a living, he had to work day and night.2. He stopped working _ take a rest.3. He ran _ fast _ get a pain in his side.In order toin order to/ so as toso as to98. sometimes; sometime; some timesometimes是个频度副词，意为“有时”，表示动作发生的不经常性，常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用。s

153、ometime是个副词，意为“某时”，指时间上不确定的某一点，常用于过去时或将来时。some time是个名词短语，意思是“一段时间”，在句中常与for, take等词连用。即学即练1._I have lunch at school.2. I saw him _ in July.3. Ill stay here for _.Sometimessometimesome time99. sow; plant; growsow 意为“播、撒、播种、种”，其后跟 （the）seeds或 植物（结成种状的）。Its time to sow wheat now.plant 意为“载、插、种植”，其后跟作物

154、（多为苗状的）。The garden was planted with Chinese roses.grow作及物动词时，意为“生长、发育”；作系动词时，意为“变得”。They can only grow potatoes in the fields.It grows up straight and thin.即学即练1.Dont _ the seeds of hatred.2. He _ rice fastest in the village.3. It _up strong and thick.4. It began to _dark.sowplantsgrowsgrow100.spend

155、; pay; takespend“花费”常用于 Sb. spend (s) some money (time) on sth. 或 sb. spend (s) some money (time) (in) doing sth., 其主语一般是人。He spent 20 yuan on the plan.take 常用于占用或花费“时间”，其句型为： sth. takes sb. time或 It takes sb. time to do sth.pay “付款、给报酬”，它可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。Pay常用于以下几种句型：1.sb. pay (sb.) money 某人付款给另一人或某人

156、给另一人多少报酬2. pay for sth. 付款、给报酬He has paid for the meal.3. pay money for sth. 花多少钱买某物即学即练1.I _ a week (in) finishing reading the book.2. It _me three days to travel to Beijing.3. My father _40 pounds _the desk.4. He _me fifty yuan a week.5. The work will _us two hours.spenttookpaid forpaystake101. st

157、ep; walk这两个词都与“走、步行”有关，它们都可以作名词或动词。step多用来指“短步，台步或急步”，表示走的动作短、急；而walk多用来表示“漫步，散步或稳步”，表示四处走动走动。即学即练1.We heard his _ of coming home.2. Lets have (take) a _, shall we?3. The young man _ into the house.stepswalkstepped/walked102. steady; firmfirm常译为 “坚固的”，“坚决的”，表示具体的事物地位牢固不易动摇；也可表示意志、信仰的“坚定”。We must sto

158、p people walking on this floor until it is firm.steady则意为“稳固的”，“扎实的”，强调保持平衡不动摇，如指有形物，则指根基的稳固；也可用于指运动中的平稳。It is hard to hold a steady position on the beam.He is making steady progress.即学即练1.Our friendship is as _as a rock.2. He is making _ progress.firmsteady103. stop; pause; end三者都表示“停止”，都可作动词用。stop

159、后跟to do时，表示停下来去做另一件事；后跟doing时，表示停止正在做的事情。end多指“自然的结束”。pause含有“休、止”之意，强调“中止”。即学即练1.He _ to greet us.2. I have _ smoking.3. The book _ on page 364.4. She _ for a while before going on with her story.stoppedstoppedendspaused104. stare at; glare at; look at; glance atStare at 表示由于吃惊、害怕或深思而张大眼睛看，译为“盯着，注视

160、，凝视”。Glare at意为“瞪眼，怒目而视”。Look at指把眼睛转向目标，译为“看，看着”。Glance at指“匆匆一看，一瞥”。即学即练1.Id like to _your photo.2. The middle-aged woman _ her watch and hurried off.3. She was _ the footprints, full of fear.4. He didnt shout or swear, but just _silently_her.look atglanced atstaring atglared at105. struggle; figh

161、tfight意为“打仗，战斗，和作斗争”。常构成词组：fight for 为而战；fight against为反对而斗争； fight with和一起战斗。Lincoln fought hard for freedom of all people.struggle意为“挣扎”，也可指“斗争”，与fight相比，斗争更为费力，处境更难。Struggle against和（同）斗争； struggle for 为斗争。They struggled for possession of the gun.即学即练1.Some countries who _with each other in World

162、 War II _against each other in the Cold War.2. The book is about their _ for liberation.foughtfoughtstruggle106. supply; provide; offersupply和provide两者均可表示“供应；供给”，指对于缺乏或不足的事物进行补充或供给，具体用法如下：supply常与to/for或with连用，其结构是：supply sth. for sb.或 supply sb. with sth.They supply food to/ for the survivors.= Th

163、ey supply the survivors with food.provide常与for或with连用，其结构是：provide sth. for sb. 或 provide sb. with sth.He provides food and clothes for his family.= He provides his family with food and clothes.offer意为 “主动提出，自愿给予”，常用结构是：offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.They decided to offer John the job.=They decide

164、d to offer the job to John.即学即练He didnt _ any explanation for her behaviour.Foods we take everyday _us with our daily vitamin needs.offersupply/provide107. take along; take care of; take place; take outtake along 表示“携带；随身带着”，其中along是副词。take care of 表示“照料；照顾；照管”。take place 表示“发生”，相当于一个不及物动词，无被动语态。tak

165、e out表示 “拿出；掏出”。即学即练1.Miss Wang _ a handkerchief and blew her nose.2. Mr. Zhang _some of his pictures in the hope of getting a job there.3. Since 1996, great changes _in our school.4. My grandmother was ill. I must stay at home to _ her.took outtook alonghave taken placetake care of108. tellfrom; te

166、llbetween 二者均为习惯用法：tell A from B意为“区分A和B”,也可以说成tell the difference betweenA and B。即学即练1. Can you _ American English _ British English? 你能分辨出美国英语和英国英语吗？2. To tell the truth, I really cant _ the Maori and American Indians. 老实说，我真的分不清毛利人和印地安人。tellfromtell the differences between109. the same as; the sa

167、me thatthe same as 是表示“相似或同一类的人和事”之意。This is the same book as the Mr. Wang lost.这本书跟王先生丢失的那本书一模一样。而the same that 作 “同一个人或同一件事”解。That is the same bike that I lost.那俩自行车就是我丢失的那辆。即学即练1. Many of the sports were _they are now.2.This is _book _Mr. Wang lost. 这本书就是王先生丢失的那本书。the same asthe same that110. thi

168、nk of; think about; think over 这三个词组都与“想”有关，但所表达的含义有所不同。think of 多用来指“想起，认为”。Last night, before I went to bed, I thought of my parents.昨晚睡觉前，想起了我的父母。think about 多用来指“考虑某事情或对某事进行思考”。Think about what you have done! 想一想你所做的这一切吧。think over 意思是“仔细考虑，认真思考”。Before you answer this question, please think it

169、over.即学即练1. What do you _ that book?2. Why dont you _ it _ for a while, and give me a call in a couple of days?3. She lay awake _ the money?think ofthink overthinking about111. this kind of, of this kind 二者都表示“这种”，但 “this kind of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数常与kind保持一致；“名词+of this kind”作主语时，谓语动词的数常与该名词保持一致。This k

170、ind of actress is easy to find but directors of this kind are scarce.这种女演员不难找，可是这种导演却不多见。即学即练1. _books is well worth reading.2. Books _ are well worth reading.This kind ofof this kind112. though; although; as 这三个词都可以表示“虽然”、“尽管”。though和 although引导让步状语从句时，常可互换，只是although的语气更强一些。Though/Although it was

171、late, the farmers kept on harvesting the crops by the lights of the tractors.此外，though可以用于省略句，although很少这样用。though引导的从句可以部分倒装，although引导的从句不用倒装语序。Though poor, he is always neatly dressed.尽管他很穷，他的穿着还是很整洁。Poor though I am, I can afford it.as 表示“虽然”、“尽管”引导让步状语从句时，从句要用倒装语序，将表语、状语等置于句首。Tired as he was, h

172、e went on working with his workmates.Child as he is, he knows a lot about the computer.【注意】as引导让步状语从句时，若充当表语的名词位于句首，则该名词前面不用冠词。即学即练1. Old _he is, he is still in good health.2. _he is diligent, he still cant catch up with his classmates.3. _the American government has taken lots of measures, many peo

173、ple still have lost their jobs during this financial crisis.4. _overweight, he always wants to eat such food as is high in fat and sugar.as/thoughThough/AlthoughThough/AlthoughThough113. through; over; across; intointo 意为“进入；到里”，含动作方向为由外向里之意。over此处意为 “（位置）横跨；在上面”，表示动作时为“越过”之意。across意为“横过；穿过”，一般指从房间、

174、原野、海洋等一端横越到另一端或两个动作方向成十字交叉状。through 意为“通过；穿过”，侧重指从物体的中间穿过。即学即练1. The PLA man jumped _ the water to save the boy.2. The highway goes under the river _ the tunnel.3. There is a bridge _ the river.4. The ship sailed _ the Atlantic.5. The students walked _ the gate with Mr. Liu.intothroughoveracrossthro

175、ugh114. trip; journey; travel; tour trip是非正式用语，指短时间内往返的商业旅行或观光旅行。journey常指由某一点到另一地点的旅行，也指旅行的路程，是比较正式的用语。travel泛指旅行、游历，是最为普通的用语，但无路程的含义。tour 常指访问多处的观光旅行，含有周游后回到原出发地之意。即学即练1. We went on a pleasant _ to the nearest seaside during our vacation.2. He came home after five years of _.3. He made a long _ fr

176、om Beijing to London.4. Confucius began to make his _ among the states.tripthroughjourneytour115. try on; try out try on 指“试穿(衣服、鞋子)”等，其中的on为副词，当宾语是代词时，该宾语要放在on之前；如果宾语是名词，该宾语放在on之前或之后均可。try on a coat= try a coat on 试穿衣服The new hat is for you. Please try it on.try out指“试验或试用”某种机器、理论或方法，其中的out为副词，当宾语是

177、代词时，try out要分开用。Ill try it out and see if it works.即学即练 1. The sweater is so beautiful. Why not _it _?2. We_ this new crop on a large area last year.tryontried out116. used to; be used to; get used to used to 意为“过去常常（做某事）”，后接动词原形。常用来表示今昔对比，含“（现在）已不那样做了”之意。be used to 有两个含义：（1）“被用来做某事”，后接动词原形。（2）“习惯于；

178、适应”，后接名词、代词或v-ing, 表示一种状态。get used to 意为“习惯于”，表示一个动作，含“由不适应向适应转变”，其后接名词、代词或v-ing。即学即练1.Computers _ do many things for people now.2. She _ living in the countryside yet.3. He _ applying himself to hard work.4. She _ work hard, but now she is often careless and makes so many mistakes.5. Youll soon _ t

179、he weather here.are used tohasnt been used tois used toused toget used to117. very; right; just三者都含有“正好；就是”之意。very 是形容词，用来修饰名词，位于this, the, my 等限定词后。right 和just 作副词，用来修饰谓语（常为动词be）或 作状语的介词短语等，须放在the, this, my 等限定词之前。Thank you so much, it was just what I wanted.即学即练1. He is just _ actor I want. （他正是我所

180、想要的演员。）2. At the _ beginning of this term, they took an exam. （就在学期开始的时候，他们举起了一次考试。）3. The police looked at the thief _ in the eye. （警察目不转睛地盯着小偷。）theveryright118. wear; have on; put on; dress; （be）in +颜色（服装、眼镜等）wear主要用于穿衣服、戴眼镜（手套、首饰、帽等），以强调“穿（戴）着”的状态。have on作 “穿(戴)着”解，同wear一样，也表状态，但不用于进行时态。put on 着重

181、强调“穿(戴)上”的动作。dress既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，所接宾语是人而不是衣、帽等物。(be) in +颜色或服装、眼镜等也表示“穿着”的状态，在句中作表语或定语。即学即练1.Mr. Wu always _ a blue coat in winter.2. Xiao Wang _ a white shirt today.3. I like to _ my hat when I go out in winter.4. The nurses are _ white.5. Her mother is _ her.wearshas on/is wearingput ondressed i

182、n/ indressing119. work on; work at; work out work on 表示 “从事”、“创作”、“进行”，后接名词、代词或v-ing, 强调做具体的事；还可表示“继续工作”、“努力说服”(work on sb. to do sth.), 既可作及物动词短语用，又可作不及物动词短语用。 Miss Liu is working on a new book. Work at 表示“致力于”、“从事于”、“研究”、“学习”，后面接名词、代词或v-ing,强调把时间和精力等用在某一方面的事情上，侧重于说明所从事的工作性质。 Mr. Zhang is working a

183、t a new invention.张先生正从事于一项新的发明。work out 表示 “计算出”、“理解”、“计划”、“结果”。Well have to work out how much food we will need for the party.即学即练1. Well _ till midnight.2. He has _ this subject for many years.3. My parents spent the weekend _me to go on holiday with them.4. I havent _ who is going to look after

184、the child tonight.5. The plot is complex, so it will take you a while to _ it _.work onworked atworking onworked outwork out120. would do sth.; used to do sth.这两个短语都可以表示“过去经常做某事”，但区别是：would do sth. 表示过去某一段时间内习惯性的行为、活动，常与often, sometimes, for hours 等时间状语连用。used to do sth. 在时间上主要是同现在对比，暗含“现在已不这样了”的意思；

185、其后既可接表示动作的动词，也可接表示认知或状态的动词。He would fish for hours near the river in his hometown.The river in his hometown is different from what it used to be.即学即练1. The life in 21 century is much easier than it _ be.2. When my parents were away, my grandmothers _always take care of me.3. We _ go sailing on the l

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